[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"pubgrp:jg-ga:ja:en":3},{"type":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"level":7,"goal":8,"image_path":9,"is_locked":10,"is_daily_free":10,"formula":11,"gloss":14,"desc":15,"desc_audio":9,"voices":16,"examples":17,"fills":48,"choices":49},"grammar","jg-ga","Particle が (subject)","beginner","が와 は의 차이 — 초점의 대상을 구분하기",null,false,[12,13],"が = **Specific focus** (Who? What?)","は = **Contrast\u002FGeneralization** (As for ~)","Difference between が and は — Distinguishing the focus target","In English, word order tells you who is doing the action: \"I eat\" means the subject comes first. **Japanese completely reverses this logic**. Instead of relying on position, Japanese uses a special marker—`が`—to directly label the subject. This is why the subject can appear anywhere in the sentence and still be clear.\n\nHere's the fundamental difference: English speakers think \"subject = first word,\" but **Japanese speakers think \"subject = the word marked with が\"**. The particle `が` is like a grammatical label that says \"this noun is the subject\" regardless of where it sits. This freedom means Japanese can rearrange words for emphasis or flow without losing meaning.\n\nWhy does Japanese do this? **Particles are a core feature of Japanese grammar**. They do the work that English spreads across word order and function words. So instead of saying \"The cat is sleeping\" (where word order matters), Japanese can say 猫が寝ています (neko ga nete imasu)—literally \"cat + [subject marker] + sleeping.\" The `が` eliminates ambiguity. Even if you move words around, `が` always points to the subject.\n\n**Key mindset shift**: Stop thinking about the subject's position. Start thinking about which noun has the `が` particle attached. Whichever noun is marked with `が` is the subject—period. This is liberating once you accept it.",[],[18,23,28,33,38,43],{"en":19,"ko":20,"ko_audio":9,"audio":21,"audios":22},"誰が来ましたか？田中さんが来ました。","Who came? Tanaka came.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F6dd04d3b-83e6-4f18-9805-472b43e5fbba.mp3",{},{"en":24,"ko":25,"ko_audio":9,"audio":26,"audios":27},"私は学生です。","I am a student. (not a different occupation)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Ff1c2545c-7497-4a4b-8890-b83ee67369f9.mp3",{},{"en":29,"ko":30,"ko_audio":9,"audio":31,"audios":32},"猫がいます。","There is a cat. (it's here - notifying of existence)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F13ae3cd0-9a9e-4e57-8bfa-4b479b1fb899.mp3",{},{"en":34,"ko":35,"ko_audio":9,"audio":36,"audios":37},"私の猫は可愛いです。","My cat is cute. (regarding my cat - it's cute)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F56bcf8b2-7009-46cc-b0c9-12ebcaad447e.mp3",{},{"en":39,"ko":40,"ko_audio":9,"audio":41,"audios":42},"雨が降っています。","It is raining. (what is happening now → rain)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fdb1c22f7-0c17-421c-852c-1dc3a925b6a6.mp3",{},{"en":44,"ko":45,"ko_audio":9,"audio":46,"audios":47},"このコーヒーは美味しいです。","This coffee is delicious. (regarding this coffee - it's delicious)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F5140b70c-d298-4b79-8102-7780ede40e59.mp3",{},[],[]]