[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"pubgrp:jg-ni:ja:en":3},{"type":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"level":7,"goal":8,"image_path":9,"is_locked":10,"is_daily_free":10,"formula":11,"gloss":15,"desc":16,"desc_audio":9,"voices":17,"examples":18,"fills":49,"choices":50},"grammar","jg-ni","Particle に (time\u002Fplace\u002Fdirection)","elementary","に(に)의 다양한 용법: 시간, 목적지, 존재 위치",null,false,[12,13,14],"[Time\u002FPoint in Time] + に + [Verb]","[Destination\u002FDirection] + に + [Verb(go, come)]","[Place] + に + [Existence Verb(be, live)]","に(に) Various Uses: Time, Destination, Existence Location","The particle `に` is one of Japanese's most fundamental **grammatical markers**, but it works very differently from English prepositions. English speakers naturally think of prepositions like \"at,\" \"in,\" \"to,\" and \"on\" as describing *relationships between objects in physical space*. But Japanese `に` operates on a deeper **logical principle**: it marks the **target or destination of an action or state**.\n\nThis is the key insight: `に` doesn't just describe where something *is*—it describes **where an action is directed toward, or where a state is established**. When you say 私は図書館**に**行きます (watashi wa toshokan **ni** ikimasu), you're not just describing the library as a location in space; you're marking it as the **goal or endpoint** of your movement. The action of going flows *toward* the に-marked destination. Similarly, 私は午後3時**に**会議があります (watashi wa gogo 3-ji **ni** kaigi ga arimasu) marks 3 PM as the **point in time toward which the state of \"having a meeting\" is directed**—when it materializes.\n\nFor English speakers, this requires a **mindset shift**. In English, you might say \"The meeting is *at* 3 PM\" (locating the meeting *in* a time slot), but Japanese thinks of it differently: the meeting *targets* or *is directed toward* 3 PM. The time is the destination of existence. This applies everywhere: 教室**に**座っています (kyōshitsu **ni** suwatte imasu)—\"(I) am sitting *targeted-toward* the classroom\"—means your sitting state is directed toward\u002Festablished in the classroom. English prepositions blur these distinctions; Japanese `に` is **unambiguously about directionality and target**, whether temporal, spatial, or physical.\n\nUnderstanding `に` means grasping that Japanese grammar encodes **action-flow and purpose** more explicitly than English does. Master this principle, and you'll navigate Japanese case marking far more intuitively.",[],[19,24,29,34,39,44],{"en":20,"ko":21,"ko_audio":9,"audio":22,"audios":23},"私は毎日7時に起きます。","I wake up at 7 o'clock every day.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F157bbdec-7338-4b72-9fe4-1b411bcd1cad.mp3",{},{"en":25,"ko":26,"ko_audio":9,"audio":27,"audios":28},"東京に行きたいです。","I want to go to Tokyo.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F5407b733-8b11-4772-858d-fe9f5152a064.mp3",{},{"en":30,"ko":31,"ko_audio":9,"audio":32,"audios":33},"机の上に猫がいます。","There is a cat on the desk.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F6ebeb320-6051-4861-aad4-7fd90db01413.mp3",{},{"en":35,"ko":36,"ko_audio":9,"audio":37,"audios":38},"8月に誕生日があります。","My birthday is in August.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F44958a20-03f2-4b61-a16e-32bf58847d3d.mp3",{},{"en":40,"ko":41,"ko_audio":9,"audio":42,"audios":43},"駅に友達を迎えに行きました。","I went to the station to meet my friend.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F23348c17-8e6e-4bb0-b5e0-29a02953598e.mp3",{},{"en":45,"ko":46,"ko_audio":9,"audio":47,"audios":48},"公園にベンチがあります。","There is a bench in the park.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fd1360027-8e2a-4ad8-8047-6bd8d39a47fb.mp3",{},[],[51,63,74],{"ko":52,"options":53},"다음 문장에서 `に`이 올바르게 사용된 것은?",[54,56,59,61],{"t":55,"ok":10},"私は9時で学校へ行きます。",{"t":57,"ok":58},"私は9時に学校に行きます。",true,{"t":60,"ok":10},"私は9時は学校へ行きます。",{"t":62,"ok":10},"私は9時の学校を行きます。",{"ko":64,"options":65},"`に`이 '존재 위치'를 나타내는 문장은?",[66,68,70,72],{"t":67,"ok":10},"図書館に行きます。",{"t":69,"ok":58},"壁に絵があります。",{"t":71,"ok":10},"5時に到着します。",{"t":73,"ok":10},"友達に会いました。",{"ko":75,"options":76},"\"I want to go to Kyoto\" (교토로 가고 싶습니다)를 일본어로 올바르게 표현하면?",[77,79,81,83],{"t":78,"ok":10},"京都を行きたいです。",{"t":80,"ok":10},"京都で行きたいです。",{"t":82,"ok":58},"京都に行きたいです。",{"t":84,"ok":10},"京都は行きたいです。"]