[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"pubgrp:jg-toki:ja:en":3},{"type":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"level":7,"goal":8,"image_path":9,"is_locked":10,"is_daily_free":10,"formula":11,"gloss":14,"desc":15,"desc_audio":9,"voices":16,"examples":17,"fills":48,"choices":49},"grammar","jg-toki","~toki (when)","intermediate","시간을 나타내는 'とき' - '~할 때'와의 차이",null,false,[12,13],"Verb + とき \u002F Verb (past tense) + とき","Noun + の + とき","'とき' indicating time - and how it differs from English 'when'","The `~とき` pattern expresses \"when\" or \"at the time of,\" but it works fundamentally differently from how English speakers typically think about time. In English, we use \"when\" to mark a point or period where something happens, often treating the dependent clause almost equally with the main clause. Japanese `~とき`, however, **frames one action or state as the temporal context or backdrop for another**—it's more like \"in the context of \u002F at the moment of \u002F during the period when.\"\n\nThe key difference is that `~とき` isn't just about simultaneity; it's about **temporal framing and dependency**. When you say something `~とき`, you're saying \"against the background of X happening, Y occurs.\" This is why Japanese naturally uses the plain form (both present and past) with `~とき`, regardless of the actual chronological order. A sentence like `雨が降るとき、傘を持ちます` doesn't mean \"when it rains, I hold [future] an umbrella\"—it means \"in situations where rain falls, I carry an umbrella,\" capturing a habitual or general truth rather than a sequence of events.\n\nEnglish speakers often struggle here because we default to narrative sequencing: we think \"first X happens, then Y happens.\" But Japanese `~とき` says \"whenever X is the case, Y applies\" or \"in the temporal frame of X, Y takes place.\" This is why past tense (`~た`) can appear before `~とき` even when the main clause is present or future—you're describing a **completed background state** against which something else occurs or is habitually done. For example, `大学を卒業したとき、就職活動を始めました` (\"When I graduated from university, I started job hunting\") uses past + `とき` because graduation is a finished point in time that frames or triggers the next action.",[],[18,23,28,33,38,43],{"en":19,"ko":20,"ko_audio":9,"audio":21,"audios":22},"子どもの時、毎日公園で遊びました。","When I was young, I played in the park every day.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F1de9ac8c-5656-4ac3-a2e6-60f9bdc182c8.mp3",{},{"en":24,"ko":25,"ko_audio":9,"audio":26,"audios":27},"雨が降っている時は、外に出ません。","When it is raining, I don't go outside.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F6c76183c-5631-4d20-bd5d-c38f91653446.mp3",{},{"en":29,"ko":30,"ko_audio":9,"audio":31,"audios":32},"朝起きた時、いつもコーヒーを飲みます。","When I wake up in the morning, I always drink coffee.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fcfd7f5ed-8778-4652-af61-9f488683e039.mp3",{},{"en":34,"ko":35,"ko_audio":9,"audio":36,"audios":37},"試験の時、緊張して手が震えました。","When I took the test, I was nervous and my hands trembled.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F6812fd86-e7a1-4737-81fd-cdb3eb330633.mp3",{},{"en":39,"ko":40,"ko_audio":9,"audio":41,"audios":42},"友達が来たとき、うれしくて笑ってしまいました。","When my friend came, I was happy and laughed.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fc6d9387f-661a-4ece-8cc3-5bf4520e4f9e.mp3",{},{"en":44,"ko":45,"ko_audio":9,"audio":46,"audios":47},"仕事が忙しい時は、夜遅くまで働きます。","When work is busy, I work late into the night.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F5480951e-d6ee-486e-b0f0-33829c4a6e0c.mp3",{},[],[50,62,73],{"ko":51,"options":52},"`毎日朝6時のとき、私は目を覚まします。` 이 문장에서 `とき` 가 강조하는 것은 무엇입니까?",[53,55,58,60],{"t":54,"ok":10},"단순한 시간의 흐름",{"t":56,"ok":57},"매일 반복되는 특정 시점에서의 행동이나 상태",true,{"t":59,"ok":10},"미래에 일어날 가능성",{"t":61,"ok":10},"과거의 습관만",{"ko":63,"options":64},"다음 중 `とき` 를 올바르게 사용한 문장은?",[65,67,69,71],{"t":66,"ok":10},"私は走って時、疲れます。",{"t":68,"ok":57},"私は走っている時、疲れます。",{"t":70,"ok":10},"私は走りた時、疲れます。",{"t":72,"ok":10},"私は走んだ時、疲れます。",{"ko":74,"options":75},"한국인이 일본어 `とき` 를 이해할 때 가장 주의해야 할 점은?",[76,78,80,82],{"t":77,"ok":10},"문장의 길이가 길어진다는 것",{"t":79,"ok":57},"`とき` 앞 동사의 시제 형태가 상황의 성질을 결정한다는 점",{"t":81,"ok":10},"발음하기가 어렵다는 것",{"t":83,"ok":10},"일본의 문화를 알아야 한다는 것"]