[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"pubgrp:jg-koto-dekiru:ja:en":3},{"type":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"level":7,"goal":8,"image_path":9,"is_locked":10,"is_daily_free":10,"formula":11,"gloss":14,"desc":15,"desc_audio":9,"voices":16,"examples":17,"fills":48,"choices":49},"grammar","jg-koto-dekiru","~koto ga dekiru (can)","intermediate","~ことができる로 능력과 가능성 표현하기",null,false,[12,13],"Verb base form\u002Fnegative form + ことができる","Noun + can do","~Can do: Expressing ability and possibility with ことができる","The structure `~ことができる` literally means \"the thing of [verb] can happen,\" which reveals a fundamental difference in how Japanese and English conceptualize ability. In English, we place the **ability directly on the subject**: \"I can speak Japanese\" frames the speaker as the active agent possessing the ability. Japanese, however, **abstracts the action into a thing** (`こと` = thing\u002Fmatter) and says that this thing-to-be-done can occur. This seemingly small shift reflects a deeper linguistic mindset.\n\nWhy does Japanese work this way? The `こと` nominalizer transforms verbs into concrete objects. When you say `日本語を話すことができます`, you're literally saying \"the act of speaking Japanese—that is something that can happen (with me as the context).\" This creates **psychological distance** from the ability itself; it's not \"I have the ability,\" but rather \"conditions allow the action to occur.\" This is why `ことができる` often sounds more objective and less self-assertive than the English \"can.\"\n\nFor English speakers, this feels redundant: why nominalize the verb at all? But in Japanese, this grammaticalization reflects a preference for describing **what is possible within a situation** rather than **what the person possesses**. The alternative form `ができる` (directly attached to nouns like `運転` drive) shows the same logic—the driving-ability exists as a potential thing. Understanding this helps you grasp why Japanese doesn't usually say something like \"I have the ability to speak\" (`能力がある`) in everyday conversation; `ことができる` is the natural way to express potentiality as an outcome of conditions, not personal capacity.",[],[18,23,28,33,38,43],{"en":19,"ko":20,"ko_audio":9,"audio":21,"audios":22},"私は日本語を話すことができます。","I can speak Japanese.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fdac93a05-46cc-4a89-b5da-caae2c30b4d3.mp3",{},{"en":24,"ko":25,"ko_audio":9,"audio":26,"audios":27},"子供の時、私は泳ぐことができませんでした。","When I was young, I could not swim.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F623ad985-e1a9-4d6d-9881-88b5f430c616.mp3",{},{"en":29,"ko":30,"ko_audio":9,"audio":31,"audios":32},"このテストでは辞書を使うことができます。","In this exam, you can use a dictionary.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F10c3d28c-ba50-4c9b-b821-049a56ec1cdc.mp3",{},{"en":34,"ko":35,"ko_audio":9,"audio":36,"audios":37},"彼女は三つの言語を話すことができる。","She can speak three languages.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F3c3720b5-6666-40eb-892a-9350060517f0.mp3",{},{"en":39,"ko":40,"ko_audio":9,"audio":41,"audios":42},"毎日6時に起きることができますか？","Can you get up at 6 o'clock every day?","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fee336bff-0679-4597-a582-b0f94d76ca71.mp3",{},{"en":44,"ko":45,"ko_audio":9,"audio":46,"audios":47},"このスマートフォンでビデオを見ることができます。","I can watch videos on this smartphone.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fafb81cfc-4f60-45fc-aecb-727dabd4a867.mp3",{},[],[50,62,73],{"ko":51,"options":52},"~ことができる의 가장 기본적인 차이점은 무엇입니까? 한국어 '할 수 있다'와 비교할 때:",[53,56,58,60],{"t":54,"ok":55},"한국어는 의지와 능력을 함께 암시하지만, 일본어 ことができる는 객관적인 능력\u002F가능성만 나타낸다",true,{"t":57,"ok":10},"한국어는 과거형만 가능하고, 일본어는 모든 시제에서 가능하다",{"t":59,"ok":10},"한국어는 명사와 함께 쓸 수 없지만, 일본어는 가능하다",{"t":61,"ok":10},"일본어 ことができる는 의무를 나타내고 한국어 '할 수 있다'는 가능성을 나타낸다",{"ko":63,"options":64},"\"田中さんは漢字を書くことができます。\"를 번역할 때, 다음 중 가장 정확한 의미는?",[65,67,69,71],{"t":66,"ok":10},"다나카는 지금 한자를 쓰고 있다.",{"t":68,"ok":55},"다나카는 한자를 쓸 능력이 있다. (객관적인 능력)",{"t":70,"ok":10},"다나카가 한자를 쓸 것이다.",{"t":72,"ok":10},"다나카는 한자를 쓰고 싶어한다.",{"ko":74,"options":75},"`ことができる` 앞에 오는 동사의 형태는 어떻게 되어야 합니까?",[76,78,80,82],{"t":77,"ok":10},"동사의 ます형 (\"話します\" → \"話します + ことができます\")",{"t":79,"ok":55},"동사의 기본형\u002F사전형 (\"話す\" → \"話すことができます\")",{"t":81,"ok":10},"동사의 과거형 (\"話した\" → \"話したことができます\")",{"t":83,"ok":10},"동사의 부정형 (\"話さない\" → \"話さないことができます\")"]