[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"pubgrp:jg-tewaikenai:ja:en":3},{"type":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"level":7,"goal":8,"image_path":9,"is_locked":10,"is_daily_free":10,"formula":11,"gloss":14,"desc":15,"desc_audio":9,"voices":16,"examples":17,"fills":48,"choices":49},"grammar","jg-tewaikenai","~te wa ikenai (must not)","intermediate","~てはいけない 형태로 금지 표현하기",null,false,[12,13],"Verb te-form + はいけない","Verb te-form + はいけません (polite form)","Expressing prohibition using ~てはいけない form","**~てはいけない** is one of Japanese's most important and unique ways to express prohibition or strong advice about what someone should NOT do. English speakers often struggle with this because English uses \"must not,\" \"can't,\" or \"shouldn't,\" but these don't capture the exact logic of how Japanese frames this concept.\n\nHere's the key difference: In English, we typically think of prohibition as a **rule imposed by external authority** (you're not allowed, I'm forbidding you). But in Japanese, `~てはいけない` conveys something deeper—it expresses that **doing the action itself creates a problem or violates a natural\u002Fsocial principle**. The structure literally means \"if you do [action], it won't go well \u002F it's bad \u002F it's not acceptable.\" This is why it feels more absolute and serious than just a rule someone made up.\n\nThe pattern `てはいけない` breaks down as: `て-form` (a neutral linking form) + `は` (the topic marker, emphasizing the action itself) + `いけない` (literally \"won't go \u002F isn't acceptable\"). Together, this becomes \"if [this action] is done, it's unacceptable \u002F problematic.\" It's not just \"someone said don't do it\"—it's \"doing this action inherently creates a bad situation.\"\n\n**Why English speakers miss this**: English doesn't have a grammatical structure that frames prohibition as \"doing X creates a problem\" in the same fundamental way. We add external judgment (\"you must not,\" \"it's not allowed\"). Japanese speakers, however, are expressing a **condition-consequence logic**: the action itself leads to a negative outcome. This makes `~てはいけない` feel less like arbitrary rule-breaking and more like logical consequence. That's why it's used for both serious rules (don't touch a hot stove—it will hurt) and social norms (don't be late—it causes problems).",[],[18,23,28,33,38,43],{"en":19,"ko":20,"ko_audio":9,"audio":21,"audios":22},"この教室では、携帯電話を使ってはいけません。","You must not use mobile phones in this classroom. (Because it disrupts the class.)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F9347c53d-8576-4d84-b49b-796049e34334.mp3",{},{"en":24,"ko":25,"ko_audio":9,"audio":26,"audios":27},"道路で遊んではいけない。危ないからね。","You must not play on the road. It's dangerous.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F1c401453-4a44-4818-9374-0bc910758364.mp3",{},{"en":29,"ko":30,"ko_audio":9,"audio":31,"audios":32},"約束した時間に遅刻してはいけない。相手を待たせることになるから。","You must not be late to an appointed time. It's because you make the other person wait.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fab49cde2-6ab8-47d2-98cb-3821a6303c0a.mp3",{},{"en":34,"ko":35,"ko_audio":9,"audio":36,"audios":37},"食事の時に口を満たしたまま話してはいけません。","You must not talk with your mouth full of food while eating.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F0e18c972-cbf7-4aca-9e93-b55e98c342af.mp3",{},{"en":39,"ko":40,"ko_audio":9,"audio":41,"audios":42},"他人のプライバシーに立ち入ってはいけない。","You must not violate other people's privacy.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fe2f02954-3cc9-4fc2-9e3b-87cfb95a0b5b.mp3",{},{"en":44,"ko":45,"ko_audio":9,"audio":46,"audios":47},"ここでタバコを吸ってはいけないよ。火災報知器が反応するかもしれないから。","You must not smoke here. The fire alarm might go off.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F1905c0dd-7db2-49cd-b079-6295f06cdbea.mp3",{},[],[50,62,73],{"ko":51,"options":52},"`~てはいけない`가 한국의 '~하면 안 된다'와 가장 다른 점은?",[53,55,58,60],{"t":54,"ok":10},"일본어는 외부의 규칙이나 명령에 초점을 맞추고, 한국어는 결과의 인과 관계에 초점을 맞춘다",{"t":56,"ok":57},"일본어는 '그 행동의 결과가 좋지 않다'는 인과 관계를 강조하고, 한국어는 규칙이나 명령 자체를 강조한다",true,{"t":59,"ok":10},"일본어는 금지만을 나타내고, 한국어는 제안을 나타낸다",{"t":61,"ok":10},"일본어는 존댓말만 가능하고, 한국어는 반말도 가능하다",{"ko":63,"options":64},"다음 문장에서 `~てはいけない`를 올바르게 사용한 것은?",[65,67,69,71],{"t":66,"ok":57},"静かにしてはいけません。他の人が寝ています。",{"t":68,"ok":10},"宿題をしてはいけません。楽しいからです。",{"t":70,"ok":10},"窓を開けてはいけません。空気が悪いです。",{"t":72,"ok":10},"友達と遊んでいてはいけません。楽しくないからです。",{"ko":74,"options":75},"\"ここで大きい声を出してはいけない\" 문장에서 `は`의 역할은?",[76,78,80,82],{"t":77,"ok":10},"주제를 나타내는 일반적인 주제 표시",{"t":79,"ok":10},"대상을 나타내는 목적격 조사",{"t":81,"ok":57},"이 특정 행동(큰 목소리로 말하기)에 대해 강조하고 특정 상황을 대비시키는 역할",{"t":83,"ok":10},"장소를 나타내는 위치 표시"]