[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"pubgrp:jg-kenjo:ja:en":3},{"type":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"level":7,"goal":8,"image_path":9,"is_locked":10,"is_daily_free":10,"formula":11,"gloss":13,"desc":14,"desc_audio":9,"voices":15,"examples":16,"fills":47,"choices":48},"grammar","jg-kenjo","Humble Language","advanced","겸양어로 자신을 낮추기 (いたす, まいる, 申す)",null,false,[12],"Humble speech: `itashimasu` \u002F `mairimasu` \u002F `mousu` (～suru → Deliberately expressing one's own actions in a lower form)","Humble speech: Lowering yourself (itasu, mairu, mousu)","**謙譲語 (kenjōgo, humble language) is a fundamental Japanese politeness system that English speakers struggle with** because English lacks this grammatical concept entirely. In English, you express respect by being formal or polite in tone, but you don't grammatically *downgrade* your own position or *elevate* the other person through verb conjugation. Japanese, however, is built on **a relational hierarchy mindset**: to show respect, you must simultaneously *humble yourself* and *elevate the other party*.\n\n**The core logic**: When speaking to or about someone of higher status, `謙譲語` works by **replacing action verbs with forms that make your actions sound smaller, more tentative, or delegated**. For example, instead of saying `私は提案します` (I propose), you say `私から提案させていただきます` (I humbly offer to propose), using `させていただく` which literally means \"I am permitted to do this.\" This grammar embeds the idea that **you are not acting independently—you are acting with the other person's permission or blessing**. It's not just politeness; it's a grammatical acknowledgment of social hierarchy.\n\n**This differs radically from English thinking** in three ways: (1) English distinguishes respect primarily through context and tone; Japanese **embeds respect into the verb itself**. (2) English focuses on what *I* am doing; Japanese reframes actions to emphasize that *I am allowing myself* to do something (with your permission\u002Ffavor). (3) English has no formal way to degrade your own family or organization, but Japanese `謙譲語` specifically **lowers references to in-group members** (your family, company, boss) when speaking to outsiders—`うちの母` (my humble mother) vs. `お母さん` (someone else's mother, raised).\n\n**The mindset behind this**: Japanese culture prioritizes **group harmony and recognizing social relationships**. By using `謙譲語`, you're not just being polite—you're **acknowledging the other person's higher social standing and reinforcing the relationship**. This is why native speakers don't just *feel* polite using these forms; they *feel correct* socially. Ignoring `謙譲語` doesn't just sound rude to Japanese ears; it sounds **socially tone-deaf**, like someone who doesn't understand or respect the relationship.",[],[17,22,27,32,37,42],{"en":18,"ko":19,"ko_audio":9,"audio":20,"audios":21},"明日、弊社の製品についてご説明いたします。","Tomorrow, I will explain our company's products to you.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fdff2ad87-daa8-40ac-b0bc-23e205418eb3.mp3",{},{"en":23,"ko":24,"ko_audio":9,"audio":25,"audios":26},"このプロジェクトを進めるためのご提案を申し上げたいのですが。","I would like to make a proposal to proceed with this project.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F512e8292-d81a-48f4-9a24-cf1558bf2f0f.mp3",{},{"en":28,"ko":29,"ko_audio":9,"audio":30,"audios":31},"先日は大変お世話になっております。来週も参上いたします。","Thank you so much for your help last time. I will visit you again next week.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fa70fe154-4841-4ca5-8fc4-d6d52d6e5c9d.mp3",{},{"en":33,"ko":34,"ko_audio":9,"audio":35,"audios":36},"私は田中と申します。本日はお忙しいところ、お時間をいただきありがとうございます。","My name is Tanaka. Thank you for taking time out of your busy schedule today.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F412c561b-b0b1-4dd4-82aa-53a939ae8544.mp3",{},{"en":38,"ko":39,"ko_audio":9,"audio":40,"audios":41},"このあたりのことは詳しくございませんので、専門家にお聞きいたします。","I am not familiar with this aspect, so I will consult with an expert.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fe15881bb-aa0e-414c-b686-c214f9976516.mp3",{},{"en":43,"ko":44,"ko_audio":9,"audio":45,"audios":46},"会議のため、明朝まいります。","I will visit you tomorrow morning for the meeting.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fcadcf0c8-f4b5-4ced-8da3-c38ccacb1a08.mp3",{},[],[49,61,72],{"ko":50,"options":51},"다음 중 `いたす`의 사용 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?",[52,55,57,59],{"t":53,"ok":54},"상대방을 높이기 위해 자신의 행동을 의도적으로 낮추는 어휘적 전략",true,{"t":56,"ok":10},"과거의 행동을 나타내기 위한 시제 표현",{"t":58,"ok":10},"부정을 나타내기 위한 문법 형태",{"t":60,"ok":10},"질문을 나타내기 위한 의문 표현",{"ko":62,"options":63},"\"私が行きます\" 대신 \"私がまいります\"를 사용하는 이유는?",[64,66,68,70],{"t":65,"ok":10},"시간이 과거이므로 과거형이 필요하기 때문",{"t":67,"ok":10},"목적지가 상대방의 집이므로 경의를 표시하기 위해",{"t":69,"ok":54},"동사 자체를 낮춤으로써 겸양의 의도를 명확히 하기 위해",{"t":71,"ok":10},"문법적으로 필수적인 형태이기 때문",{"ko":73,"options":74},"한국어와 일본어의 겸양 표현 방식의 가장 큰 차이점은?",[75,77,79,81],{"t":76,"ok":10},"일본어는 문장 전체를 낮추고, 한국어는 주어만 낮춘다",{"t":78,"ok":54},"일본어는 동사 자체를 다른 단어로 교체하고, 한국어는 주로 어미나 주어를 통해 경의를 표현한다",{"t":80,"ok":10},"일본어는 겸양어가 없고, 한국어만 있다",{"t":82,"ok":10},"두 언어 모두 동사 교체만이 유일한 방법이다"]