[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"pubgrp:jg-dictionary:ja:en":3},{"type":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"level":7,"goal":8,"image_path":9,"is_locked":10,"is_daily_free":10,"formula":11,"gloss":14,"desc":15,"desc_audio":9,"voices":16,"examples":17,"fills":48,"choices":49},"grammar","jg-dictionary","Dictionary form (plain)","elementary","일본어 동사의 기본형과 경어 표현의 기초",null,false,[12,13],"Dictionary form of verbs (辞書形\u002Fじしょけい): Form listed in dictionaries (e.g., `する`, `いく`, `たべる`)","Polite form (-ます form): Add `-ます` to the dictionary form (e.g., `します`, `いきます`, `たべます`)","Fundamentals of Japanese Verb Dictionary Form and Polite Expressions","In English, we think of verbs as **one basic shape** — \"eat,\" \"run,\" \"go\" — that changes tense\u002Fmood with helper words like \"do,\" \"will,\" \"should.\" Japanese works fundamentally differently. The dictionary form (`辞書形`) is not just a \"reference shape\"; it's an **active grammatical form** that sits at the core of every sentence and can stand alone or connect to other parts.\n\nThe key insight: **English verbs are slaves to tense; Japanese verbs are shapeshifters that keep their core intact.** When you conjugate a Japanese verb, you're not replacing it — you're building onto it or transforming it in ways that preserve its essence. The plain\u002Fdictionary form (`普通体`) is the unmarked, most direct way to express an action or state. It's what you hear in casual conversation, what appears in dictionary headwords, and **what you use before nouns to describe them** (called relative clauses).\n\nEnglish speakers often want to add tense *outside* the verb (\"I go,\" \"I will go,\" \"I am going\"), but Japanese does this *inside* the verb itself, while the dictionary form remains the foundation. Furthermore, the dictionary form isn't restricted to formal speech — it's the **everyday, natural way Japanese speakers talk casually** about actions and feelings. Polite forms (〜ます) are actually *added layers* on top of the dictionary form, not replacements.\n\nThis is why dictionary form is essential: it's the skeleton key to understanding how Japanese sentences actually work. Master this, and conjugation, modifiers, and complex sentences all click into place.",[],[18,23,28,33,38,43],{"en":19,"ko":20,"ko_audio":9,"audio":21,"audios":22},"毎日、仕事に行きます。","I go to work every day.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F76136f55-8ce1-4c92-aab6-5ce9878a529f.mp3",{},{"en":24,"ko":25,"ko_audio":9,"audio":26,"audios":27},"朝、コーヒーを飲みます。","I drink coffee in the morning.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F85d37b66-3627-4406-86cf-b9eeaae39b58.mp3",{},{"en":29,"ko":30,"ko_audio":9,"audio":31,"audios":32},"友達と公園で遊びます。","I play with friends in the park.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F693b227c-9aaf-4cdd-820b-385e3d8ab04f.mp3",{},{"en":34,"ko":35,"ko_audio":9,"audio":36,"audios":37},"週末、映画を見ます。","I watch a movie on the weekend.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F171fc85b-41c7-42ed-ab61-b52affe8b3f9.mp3",{},{"en":39,"ko":40,"ko_audio":9,"audio":41,"audios":42},"私は毎晩、9時に寝ます。","I sleep at 9 PM every night.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fbe9d4304-02c6-42bc-9e0a-4cb3762d2b38.mp3",{},{"en":44,"ko":45,"ko_audio":9,"audio":46,"audios":47},"来年、大学に行きます。","I go to university next year.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fa80cbc7c-9c48-4d90-93c7-a1450d5cd51b.mp3",{},[],[50,62,73],{"ko":51,"options":52},"다음 중 **올바른 설명**은 어떤 것입니까?",[53,55,58,60],{"t":54,"ok":10},"일본어의 기본형(`いく`)과 경어형(`いきます`)은 한국어의 반말\u002F존댓말처럼, 문장 끝 어미만 다르다.",{"t":56,"ok":57},"일본어는 **동사 자체가** 기본형과 경어형으로 나뉘기 때문에, 동사의 형태가 달라진다.",true,{"t":59,"ok":10},"일본어는 한국어처럼 동사는 안 변하고, 문장 끝 어미만으로 경어를 표현한다.",{"t":61,"ok":10},"기본형과 경어형은 발음이 같고 표기만 다르다.",{"ko":63,"options":64},"일상 대화에서 처음 배우는 학습자가 사용해야 하는 것은 어느 형태입니까?",[65,67,69,71],{"t":66,"ok":10},"기본형(`する`, `いく`) - 간단하고 자연스럽다.",{"t":68,"ok":57},"경어형(`します`, `いきます`) - 항상 안전하다.",{"t":70,"ok":10},"두 형태를 번갈아 가며 사용한다.",{"t":72,"ok":10},"문맥에 따라 아무 형태나 선택해도 된다.",{"ko":74,"options":75},"기본형(`じしょけい`)이 주로 사용되는 상황은 어떤 것들입니까?",[76,78,80,82],{"t":77,"ok":10},"일상의 모든 대화에서 표준적으로 사용된다.",{"t":79,"ok":57},"친구들과의 캐주얼한 대화, 서면 일본어(뉴스·교과서), 제목·설명문, 그리고 문법 설명에서 주로 나타난다.",{"t":81,"ok":10},"비즈니스 회의에서만 사용된다.",{"t":83,"ok":10},"여성들만 사용하는 형태다."]