[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"pubgrp:jg-nai-form:ja:en":3},{"type":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"level":7,"goal":8,"image_path":9,"is_locked":10,"is_daily_free":10,"formula":11,"gloss":14,"desc":15,"desc_audio":9,"voices":16,"examples":17,"fills":48,"choices":49},"grammar","jg-nai-form","ない form (negative)","intermediate","동사의 평서 부정형 (~ない)",null,false,[12,13],"Verb stem + ない","Examples) 行く → 行かない, 食べる → 食べない, する → しない","Plain negative form of verbs (~ない)","The **ない形 (negative form)** is one of the most fundamental grammar structures in Japanese, yet it reveals a crucial difference in how Japanese and English speakers conceptualize negation.\n\nIn English, negation is typically a **separate modifier** applied to the action: \"I do not eat\" or \"I won't eat.\" The negation feels like an overlay—the sentence structure stays mostly the same, and \"not\" simply flips the truth value. Japanese, however, treats negation as an **integral part of the verb itself**. By transforming the verb root into `ない形`, you're not adding negation to an unchanged action; you're **creating a new verb form that inherently expresses the absence or non-performance of that action**. This is why `食べない` isn't \"eat + not\" but rather a complete verb that **means the state of not eating**.\n\nThis difference matters because it reflects how Japanese **treats the negative as a property of the action itself, not an external judgment**. When you say `私は毎日走らない` (watashi wa mainichi hashiranai), you're describing a habitual non-action—a recurring absence. The verb form `走らない` is the primary concept; negation is baked in. English requires us to say \"I don't run every day,\" where \"don't\" is a helper that negates the infinitive \"run.\" Japanese language structure makes the **negative state the main verb**, which is why intermediate learners must learn `ない形` as a **conjugation** (a core verb transformation), not merely as a negation rule.\n\nFurthermore, `ない形` conjugates like an **い-adjective** (`食べない` → `食べなかった`, `食べなくて`, etc.), which underscores that Japanese conceptualizes \"not doing\" as a **quality or state**, similar to an adjective describing a thing. This is radically different from English, where \"not\" remains a separate word across all tenses. Mastering `ない形` means internalizing that **in Japanese, negation reshapes the verb into a distinct form that embodies the absence or non-performance of the action**.",[],[18,23,28,33,38,43],{"en":19,"ko":20,"ko_audio":9,"audio":21,"audios":22},"毎日、運動しないので、体が弱くなりました。","I haven't exercised daily, so my body has become weak.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F63767437-ac98-411e-8768-ce2f8a7745ef.mp3",{},{"en":24,"ko":25,"ko_audio":9,"audio":26,"audios":27},"彼はお酒を飲まないから、いつも水を飲みます。","He doesn't drink alcohol, so he always drinks water.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fcfae9b52-eda0-4ea7-9665-54d89860e84c.mp3",{},{"en":29,"ko":30,"ko_audio":9,"audio":31,"audios":32},"この映画は面白くないから、見ません。","This movie is not fun, so I don't watch it.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F721f87c8-e6e7-419c-8210-47320447698e.mp3",{},{"en":34,"ko":35,"ko_audio":9,"audio":36,"audios":37},"私は朝ごはんを食べないことが多いです。","I often don't eat breakfast.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fcee8c075-ce4f-4a98-9e4c-fd676ec38e55.mp3",{},{"en":39,"ko":40,"ko_audio":9,"audio":41,"audios":42},"駅から近いから、車を使わなくても大丈夫ですよ。","It's close to the station, so I don't need to use a car.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Ff1e0e334-12d7-42b6-80f2-43ded9b349f7.mp3",{},{"en":44,"ko":45,"ko_audio":9,"audio":46,"audios":47},"息子は野菜を食べたくない理由を説明しませんでした。","My son didn't explain the reason why he doesn't want to eat vegetables.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F33b179c0-d41f-479b-960e-bd61eb654b7b.mp3",{},[],[50,62,73],{"ko":51,"options":52},"`行く`(가다)의 평서 부정형 `ない` 형태는 무엇인가요?",[53,56,58,60],{"t":54,"ok":55},"行かない",true,{"t":57,"ok":10},"行わない",{"t":59,"ok":10},"行んない",{"t":61,"ok":10},"行ない",{"ko":63,"options":64},"일본어의 `ない`가 한국어 부정 표현과 근본적으로 다른 이유는?",[65,67,69,71],{"t":66,"ok":55},"`ない`는 단순히 행동을 취소하는 것이 아니라, '그 상태가 없다'는 **존재적 부정**을 나타낸다",{"t":68,"ok":10},"`ない`는 한국어처럼 동사 앞에만 붙을 수 있다",{"t":70,"ok":10},"`ない`는 항상 미래 시제만 표현한다",{"t":72,"ok":10},"`ない`는 명령형으로만 쓸 수 있다",{"ko":74,"options":75},"다음 문장 중 `ない` 형태가 올바르게 사용된 것은?",[76,78,80,82],{"t":77,"ok":10},"私は毎日、学校に行かないです。(나는 매일 학교에 가지 않아요.)",{"t":79,"ok":10},"彼女は昨日、私を見ないました。(그녀는 어제 나를 안 봤어요.)",{"t":81,"ok":55},"この本は難しくないから、誰でも読めます。(이 책은 어렵지 않아서 누구나 읽을 수 있어요.)",{"t":83,"ok":10},"明日は雨ふらないから、公園に行きましょう。(내일은 비가 안 와서 공원에 가자.)"]