[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"pubgrp:jg-potential:ja:en":3},{"type":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"level":7,"goal":8,"image_path":9,"is_locked":10,"is_daily_free":10,"formula":11,"gloss":14,"desc":15,"desc_audio":9,"voices":16,"examples":17,"fills":48,"choices":49},"grammar","jg-potential","Potential form (can ~)","intermediate","동사의 가능형으로 '할 수 있다' 나타내기",null,false,[12,13],"Verb base form + られる \u002F -eru (potential form)","Example: 食べる(to eat) → 食べられる(can eat)","Expressing 'can do' using the potential form of verbs","The Japanese ability\u002Fpossibility pattern `~ことができる` (and its shorter form `~られる`) represents a fundamentally different way of thinking about \"can\" compared to English. In English, \"can\" is typically a **modal verb that directly expresses ability as an inherent quality** — \"I can swim\" treats the ability almost as a property you possess. Japanese, however, constructs this concept differently: `~ことができる` literally means \"it is possible to do [something]\" — breaking the idea into **two parts: the action itself + a statement that it's possible**. This indirect approach reflects a more **objective, situation-aware perspective** rather than a claim about personal capacity.\n\nHere's the crucial difference in thinking: English asks **\"Do I have the ability?\"** (internal focus), while Japanese asks **\"Is it possible for this action to occur?\"** (external\u002Fobjective focus). Notice `できる` actually means \"it comes together\" or \"it is possible\" — the same word used for \"it works\" or \"it's completed.\" This reveals that Japanese treats ability as a **natural result or circumstance**, not a trait you possess. An English speaker might say \"I can speak Japanese\" with confidence in their skill; a Japanese speaker saying `日本語が話せます` is more literally claiming **\"Japanese becomes speakable (for me) in this situation\"** — subtly emphasizing that the action is achievable under the right conditions, not that they're inherently capable.\n\nThis also explains why the `~られる` form (passive-looking) doubles as the ability form: it's actually expressing **permission or potential** in a more general sense. When something \"is possible to be done,\" it exists in that realm of potentiality. English speakers struggle here because they conflate \"ability,\" \"permission,\" and \"possibility\" into one modal concept; Japanese treats them as nuanced variations on the same idea of `potential` (possibilities that can happen).\n\nUnderstanding this shift from **\"I have ability\"** to **\"this action is capable of happening\"** is key to mastering Japanese ability expression and avoiding the stiff, non-native feeling of translating English modals directly.",[],[18,23,28,33,38,43],{"en":19,"ko":20,"ko_audio":9,"audio":21,"audios":22},"私は日本語を話せます。","I can speak Japanese.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fff708ffa-4de4-4ca0-88de-5ee2fa4b6958.mp3",{},{"en":24,"ko":25,"ko_audio":9,"audio":26,"audios":27},"子どもがひらがなを読めるようになりました。","The child was able to read hiragana.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F8cd3b34d-d090-48e1-b7ca-ea2096208585.mp3",{},{"en":29,"ko":30,"ko_audio":9,"audio":31,"audios":32},"このカフェでは、素敵な写真が撮られます。","You can take great photos at this cafe. (in an objectively good situation for taking photos)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F0041e8e5-b7d5-49a1-948d-d11f52f30686.mp3",{},{"en":34,"ko":35,"ko_audio":9,"audio":36,"audios":37},"毎日、朝5時に起きられませんでした。","I was not able to wake up at 5 AM every morning.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F920d1c86-713a-4873-89bc-a0a56ab0a40f.mp3",{},{"en":39,"ko":40,"ko_audio":9,"audio":41,"audios":42},"新しいプロジェクトでは、何ができるか試してみましょう。","Let's try to see what we can do with the new project.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fadda8bd2-c32e-4e28-a846-8d9b6a1b59a1.mp3",{},{"en":44,"ko":45,"ko_audio":9,"audio":46,"audios":47},"田中さんは三つの言語が話せるそうです。","Tanaka is said to be able to speak three languages.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Ff8790525-629a-4d50-ad10-5ff272536443.mp3",{},[],[50,62,73],{"ko":51,"options":52},"`読む`(읽다)의 가능형은 어느 것입니까?",[53,56,58,60],{"t":54,"ok":55},"読める",true,{"t":57,"ok":10},"読られる",{"t":59,"ok":10},"読まれる",{"t":61,"ok":10},"読くる",{"ko":63,"options":64},"다음 문장에서 가능형의 의미는 무엇입니까? 'このレストランでは、おいしい料理が食べられます。'",[65,67,69,71],{"t":66,"ok":10},"음식을 먹을 수밖에 없다",{"t":68,"ok":55},"객관적으로 맛있는 음식을 먹을 수 있는 상황이다",{"t":70,"ok":10},"음식을 먹어야 한다",{"t":72,"ok":10},"음식이 먹혀질 수 있다 (수동태만의 의미)",{"ko":74,"options":75},"한국어 '할 수 있다'와 일본어 가능형의 가장 큰 차이점은?",[76,78,80,82],{"t":77,"ok":10},"일본어는 '할 수 있다'를 두 개의 동사로 표현한다",{"t":79,"ok":55},"일본어는 가능성을 동사 자체에 내장시켜 하나의 동사 형태로 나타낸다",{"t":81,"ok":10},"한국어가 더 문법적으로 복잡하다",{"t":83,"ok":10},"일본어는 항상 과거형으로 표현해야 한다"]