[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"pubgrp:kg-eun-neun:ko:en":3},{"type":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"level":7,"goal":8,"image_path":9,"is_locked":10,"is_daily_free":10,"formula":11,"gloss":8,"desc":14,"desc_audio":9,"voices":15,"examples":16,"fills":53,"choices":54},"grammar","kg-eun-neun","Topic particle (~topic)","beginner","Topic particle 은\u002F는: Marking what you're talking about",null,false,[12,13],"noun (ending in consonant) + 은 + verb","noun (ending in vowel) + 는 + verb","In English, we think of subjects as the \"doer\" of an action—the thing performing a verb. But in Korean, `은\u002F는` introduces a **topic**, which is different. The topic is the **context or scope** of what you're talking about, and the rest of the sentence is your comment about it.\n\nHere's the key difference: English focuses on **who does what** (subject-verb-object), while Korean first establishes **what we're talking about** (the topic), then makes a comment about it. When you say \"나는 학생이에요\" (I am a student), you're not saying \"I-do-am-student.\" You're setting up a frame: \"As for me, [my comment is:] I'm a student.\" It's like saying \"Speaking of me...\" or \"When it comes to me...\"\n\nThis **topic-comment structure** also carries hidden contrast. When you use `은\u002F는`, you're subtly implying: \"I'm talking about THIS one specifically, implying something different about others.\" For example, \"물은 차가워요\" (Water is cold) doesn't just mean water is cold—it hints: \"Water [unlike other things maybe] is cold.\" This is why `은\u002F는` feels like it's singling something out, even when contrast isn't explicit. English has no grammatical marker for this, so speakers must learn to think **topically** rather than just **subjectively**.\n\nThe choice between `은` and `는` is simple: use `은` after consonants and `는` after vowels.",[],[17,23,29,35,41,47],{"en":18,"ko":19,"ko_audio":20,"audio":21,"audios":22},"고양이는 귀여워요.","The cat is cute. (topic: cat; attribute: cuteness)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002Fa2f76aaa-cca4-497a-99e0-219344ebee42.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F84b7c600-e507-48e2-94f1-bd1e83e696ba.mp3",{},{"en":24,"ko":25,"ko_audio":26,"audio":27,"audios":28},"학생은 열심히 공부해요.","The student studies hard. (topic: student; action: studying)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002Fc0a6781f-2725-4488-9b3f-8cd75c7c56ba.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F66dbbc23-76b2-4af2-af23-d8e6a9e4de3b.mp3",{},{"en":30,"ko":31,"ko_audio":32,"audio":33,"audios":34},"물은 차가워요.","Water is cold. (topic: water; attribute: temperature)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002Fa00667ff-9c9b-496c-a996-0aa6d00d4dbc.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F6934d434-b071-4322-9dd8-a15a36683b8a.mp3",{},{"en":36,"ko":37,"ko_audio":38,"audio":39,"audios":40},"책은 재미있어요.","The book is interesting. (topic: book; attribute: interest)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F6e1dbaa4-922f-4722-bae0-cef71d8d30fb.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F0c3b14a9-f783-4d4e-b4a4-1d3307158229.mp3",{},{"en":42,"ko":43,"ko_audio":44,"audio":45,"audios":46},"선생님은 친절해요.","The teacher is kind. (topic: teacher; attribute: kindness)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F8d0a3735-2d6a-46f6-a000-3c721a0d94d6.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F04462858-5fa7-462f-a1b8-6046416abfe8.mp3",{},{"en":48,"ko":49,"ko_audio":50,"audio":51,"audios":52},"밥은 맛있어요.","The rice\u002Fmeal is delicious. (topic: rice; attribute: taste)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F4f28a921-4078-45f6-9ced-66cef8398fa1.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F802499a6-afbe-46ab-a155-4e5ed026aa03.mp3",{},[],[55,67,74],{"ko":56,"options":57},"Which particle do you use after a noun that ends in a vowel sound?",[58,60,63,65],{"t":59,"ok":10},"은",{"t":61,"ok":62},"는",true,{"t":64,"ok":10},"이",{"t":66,"ok":10},"를",{"ko":68,"options":69},"Complete the sentence: 사과___ 맛있어요. (The apple is delicious.)",[70,71,72,73],{"t":59,"ok":10},{"t":61,"ok":62},{"t":64,"ok":10},{"t":66,"ok":10},{"ko":75,"options":76},"Complete the sentence: 학교___ 크거나 작아요. (The school is big or small.)",[77,78,79,80],{"t":59,"ok":62},{"t":61,"ok":10},{"t":64,"ok":10},{"t":66,"ok":10}]