[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"pubgrp:kg-go-itda:ko:en":3},{"type":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"level":7,"goal":8,"image_path":9,"is_locked":10,"is_daily_free":10,"formula":11,"gloss":8,"desc":13,"desc_audio":9,"voices":14,"examples":15,"fills":52,"choices":53},"grammar","kg-go-itda","-고 있다 (In Progress)","elementary","~고 있다 for ongoing\u002Fprogressive actions",null,false,[12],"Verb stem + 고 있다","In **English**, we distinguish between habitual\u002Fgeneral states and actions happening *right now* with different verb forms: \"I eat\" (habit) vs. \"I am eating\" (now). Korean, however, uses `고 있다` to emphasize that an action is **actively ongoing or in progress at a specific moment**.\n\nThe key difference is **process vs. result**. English speakers think of actions as completed or not; Korean emphasizes the *middle of the action*. When you say `먹고 있어요` (meok-go isseoyo), you're not just saying \"I eat\" — you're highlighting that the eating process is **currently happening, unfinished, and visible**. The `고` (and) + `있다` (to exist\u002Fbe) literally means \"and [the action] is existing\u002Fcontinuing.\"\n\nThis structure doesn't express habit or general truth — it captures **immediacy and ongoing state**. English learners often confuse this with simple present tense, but `고 있다` is almost always about *this moment right now*, not general facts. For example, `일하고 있어요` means \"I am (actively) working right now,\" not \"I work [as a job]\" which would be just `일해요`. The `-고 있-` construction forces the listener to picture the action in its middle stage, not complete or about to happen.\n\nAdditionally, `고 있다` creates a **progressive aspect**, showing duration and continuation. In English, progressive form (\"am eating,\" \"are running\") is optional — you *can* say \"I eat\" and mean now. In Korean, if you want to clearly show an ongoing action, `고 있다` is the natural choice because it fits the language's conceptual framework of action-as-process.",[],[16,22,28,34,40,46],{"en":17,"ko":18,"ko_audio":19,"audio":20,"audios":21},"나는 지금 밥을 먹고 있어요.","I am eating rice right now.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F494d58c6-6e29-466f-84ae-6dc70d07babe.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fabd08bd1-c6d9-4a07-925e-ac35a5499669.mp3",{},{"en":23,"ko":24,"ko_audio":25,"audio":26,"audios":27},"아이가 공원에서 놀고 있어요.","The child is playing in the park.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002Fecfc4feb-7c55-41cd-93c3-bb4c3b595413.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F6da8e810-5acf-4d82-84f6-2aac5aa708ba.mp3",{},{"en":29,"ko":30,"ko_audio":31,"audio":32,"audios":33},"그들은 영화를 보고 있었어요.","They were watching a movie.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002Fcef7e05a-82d1-4990-abc9-80335fb9f5a0.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fa18a74ac-2fa0-42c7-90a4-ced8eb41e19c.mp3",{},{"en":35,"ko":36,"ko_audio":37,"audio":38,"audios":39},"선생님이 수업을 하고 있어요.","The teacher is teaching a class.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002Fa452263c-17dd-4a2c-a240-0388e70a0991.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fb96acd58-b226-4739-9422-2e45b7bbb386.mp3",{},{"en":41,"ko":42,"ko_audio":43,"audio":44,"audios":45},"엄마가 요리를 하고 있어요.","Mom is cooking.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F3070d4b7-62ad-4f04-b55b-1b2ae82ef28e.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F4a1e38d0-b4a3-4f36-afc8-3793fa7ba89a.mp3",{},{"en":47,"ko":48,"ko_audio":49,"audio":50,"audios":51},"우리는 한국어를 공부하고 있어요.","We are studying Korean.","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F2e71885b-3462-422c-af49-014229f4c7f9.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F1d2af96f-534d-4e43-9126-0902baddae26.mp3",{},[],[54,64,73],{"ko":55,"options":56},"Which sentence correctly uses `~고 있다` to express an ongoing action?",[57,59,62],{"t":58,"ok":10},"나는 밥을 먹어요.",{"t":60,"ok":61},"나는 밥을 먹고 있어요.",true,{"t":63,"ok":10},"나는 밥을 먹었어요.",{"ko":65,"options":66},"What does the `고` in `~고 있다` help connect?",[67,69,71],{"t":68,"ok":10},"The subject to the object.",{"t":70,"ok":61},"The action to the state of being in that action.",{"t":72,"ok":10},"The past tense to the present tense.",{"ko":74,"options":75},"Complete: 그녀는 책을 ___고 있어요. (She is reading a book.)",[76,78,80],{"t":77,"ok":10},"읽다",{"t":79,"ok":61},"읽",{"t":79,"ok":61}]