[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"pubgrp:kg-si:ko:en":3},{"type":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"level":7,"goal":8,"image_path":9,"is_locked":10,"is_daily_free":10,"formula":11,"gloss":8,"desc":14,"desc_audio":9,"voices":15,"examples":16,"fills":53,"choices":54},"grammar","kg-si","-시 (Subject Honorific)","intermediate","Using ~(으)시 for subject honorifics to show respect",null,false,[12,13],"Verb stem + ~(으)시 + ending","-(으)시- is inserted before tense\u002Fmood markers","The `-시` suffix is a **subject honorific marker** that raises the grammatical status of the person performing the action or possessing the quality. This is fundamentally different from English, where we lack this concept entirely.\n\nIn English, we show respect primarily through **word choice and tone**—we might say \"Mr. Smith is coming\" or \"Would you like to sit?\" But the grammar itself doesn't change. Korean, however, **embeds respect directly into the verb itself**. When someone senior, older, or worthy of respect performs an action, you don't just choose polite words; you literally transform the verb structure by inserting `-시` before the ending.\n\nHere's the key mindset shift: English speakers think of verbs as static actions that happen to be done by someone. Korean speakers think of verbs as **relationship-dependent actions**—the verb itself changes based on WHO is doing it. If your teacher eats, the verb structure must reflect that higher status. If you eat, it doesn't. This is not optional politeness; it's **grammatical obligation** once you recognize someone's higher social standing.\n\nThe `-시` typically appears before tense markers and endings: `먹다` (to eat) becomes `먹으시다` (for an honored person to eat), `오다` (to come) becomes `오시다` (for an honored person to come). When you combine this with politeness endings like `-어요`, you get `먹으셔요` or `오셔요`. The verb doesn't just carry the action—it **announces the social relationship in the grammar itself**.",[],[17,23,29,35,41,47],{"en":18,"ko":19,"ko_audio":20,"audio":21,"audios":22},"할머니가 밥을 드셨어요.","Grandmother ate rice. (showing respect through ~(으)셨)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002Fa2c68efc-e6d2-4408-bacd-bcf17b6824b0.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F34ed9405-9c32-4291-8b34-d846faa2466a.mp3",{},{"en":24,"ko":25,"ko_audio":26,"audio":27,"audios":28},"선생님이 교실에 오셨어요.","The teacher came to the classroom. (respecting the teacher's action)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F1d3b175d-b730-4a7e-a49c-6338459ce503.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F8c0c9410-16bf-4caa-8cbe-6e0f202d2347.mp3",{},{"en":30,"ko":31,"ko_audio":32,"audio":33,"audios":34},"부모님이 뭐하세요?","What are your parents doing? (asking respectfully about parents' activities)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F4f4f05ee-0875-4b52-b123-262674267448.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F2edc37bc-2a0d-4ae3-9efd-a6f2e93a9b0e.mp3",{},{"en":36,"ko":37,"ko_audio":38,"audio":39,"audios":40},"할아버지께서 신문을 읽으셨어요.","Grandfather read the newspaper. (showing deference to grandfather)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F6625685c-41b4-443e-ad38-8c2c8017bdbb.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F110b9835-7fe0-442f-a34e-ea20669b5374.mp3",{},{"en":42,"ko":43,"ko_audio":44,"audio":45,"audios":46},"사장님이 내일 회의에 참석하실 거예요.","The company director will attend the meeting tomorrow. (future honorific with ~(으)실)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F23adcdd9-75cc-4610-b063-b7034cbe4cc6.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fc903ae0f-e73c-4eed-9fdb-15ee0fd9b976.mp3",{},{"en":48,"ko":49,"ko_audio":50,"audio":51,"audios":52},"의사 선생님이 뭐라고 말씀하셨어요?","What did the doctor say? (using 말씀 and ~(으)셨 for double respect)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F93da4749-f7a0-41a6-bd0d-acf4d25e3842.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F6f157e71-4900-45b3-8178-71fb0b14c3e7.mp3",{},[],[55,67,78],{"ko":56,"options":57},"Why can't you simply say '부모님이 밥을 먹었어요' when you want to show respect for your parents' action?",[58,61,63,65],{"t":59,"ok":60},"Because Korean grammar requires the ~(으)시 infix to mark respect for the subject, making '부모님이 밥을 드셨어요' the correct form",true,{"t":62,"ok":10},"Because '밥' is a sacred word and only formal registers can handle it",{"t":64,"ok":10},"Because you must always use past tense with parents",{"t":66,"ok":10},"Because '먹었어요' is impolite to parents",{"ko":68,"options":69},"What is the key difference between how English and Korean express respect toward someone's actions?",[70,72,74,76],{"t":71,"ok":10},"English marks respect through verb inflection (like ~(으)시), while Korean uses word choice and formality registers",{"t":73,"ok":60},"Korean embeds respect directly into the verb structure through ~(으)시, while English relies on politeness levels and word selection outside the grammar",{"t":75,"ok":10},"English requires honorific subjects, while Korean only needs polite endings",{"t":77,"ok":10},"There is no difference; both languages use identical methods",{"ko":79,"options":80},"In the sentence '할머니가 영화를 보셨어요,' what grammatical role does ~(으)셨 play?",[81,83,85,87],{"t":82,"ok":10},"It marks the object (영화) as important",{"t":84,"ok":60},"It indicates the action is in the past and that the subject (할머니) deserves respect",{"t":86,"ok":10},"It changes the meaning to a negative statement",{"t":88,"ok":10},"It signals a question to the listener"]