[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"pubgrp:gr-third-conditional:en:ja":3},{"type":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"level":7,"goal":8,"image_path":9,"is_locked":10,"is_daily_free":10,"formula":11,"gloss":14,"desc":15,"desc_audio":16,"voices":17,"examples":18,"fills":55,"choices":56},"grammar","gr-third-conditional","3条件文 (過去の仮定)","advanced","과거 후회와 가정법: Third Conditional 완전 정복",null,false,[12,13],"If + 主語 + had + 過去分詞、主語 + would have + 過去分詞","If + 主語 + hadn't + 過去分詞、主語 + would have + 過去分詞","過去の後悔と仮定法：Third Conditional 完全攻略","英語の3条件文は、**実現しなかった過去の仮定を表現する最も重要な文法**です。日本語では「もしも～していたら、～だったろう」という表現がありますが、英語が要求する**心理的な距離の取り方**が根本的に異なります。\n\n日本語話者にとって最大の課題は、**過去は確定した事実であり、仮定の対象にならない**という思考パターンです。しかし英語では、**「実際には起こらなかった過去の出来事について、別の現実を思い描く」という非常に抽象的な思考作業**を行います。これは単なる文法ではなく、**反事実的思考（counterfactual thinking）**という認知能力を言語化しているのです。\n\n`had + 過去分詞`という完了形を使う理由も重要です。`had`は**仮定（if節）の世界において「より過去」を作る**ためです。つまり、現在時点から見た「過去の仮定」を表現するために、さらに古い時制を使って、確実に実在しない世界であることを示しています。これは日本語では明示的に表現されない概念です。\n\n`would\u002Fcould\u002Fmight + have + 過去分詞`という帰結節の形は、**その別の現実がどの程度確実かを色分けする装置**です。`would`は確実な結果、`could`は可能性、`might`はより不確実な可能性を表します。日本語では「～だったろう」で統一されてしまいますが、英語は話者の確信度を細かく調整するのです。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fexplain_audio\u002Fd33da465-0c9b-496a-9b56-78e7e1fcde71.mp3",[],[19,25,31,37,43,49],{"en":20,"ko":21,"ko_audio":22,"audio":23,"audios":24},"If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam.","もし、あのときもっと一生懸命に勉強していたら、試験に合格していたのに。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002Fcc8bcb10-1235-43bf-ab71-29e381c08429.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fac6b8dcc-3465-4556-ac74-80e6b5018687.mp3",{},{"en":26,"ko":27,"ko_audio":28,"audio":29,"audios":30},"If she hadn't missed the train, she would have arrived on time.","もし、彼女が電車に乗り遅れなかったら、時間に到着していたのに。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002Ffc1884da-1aef-488b-8a4a-e94dd6820372.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F72433b79-4251-4154-bf2d-5d72baaa2415.mp3",{},{"en":32,"ko":33,"ko_audio":34,"audio":35,"audios":36},"If they had invested in that company, they would have made a fortune.","もし、彼らがその会社に投資していたら、大金を稼いでいたのに。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F7f7f4977-8583-4161-b895-e7c87e94602c.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F4d615630-753c-4c57-8a9d-98170700a5c0.mp3",{},{"en":38,"ko":39,"ko_audio":40,"audio":41,"audios":42},"If I had known the truth, I wouldn't have trusted him.","もし、私が真実を知っていたら、彼を信じなかったのに。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F50b7522b-926c-44fa-a35e-a4c48aba02a4.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fea63a2f2-9496-4299-aaf5-fdb7a01e5795.mp3",{},{"en":44,"ko":45,"ko_audio":46,"audio":47,"audios":48},"If he had been more careful, he wouldn't have crashed the car.","もし、彼がもっと注意していたら、車を衝突させなかったのに。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F4e539d16-46e9-45e6-ab76-e94f727ca98d.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F29055009-b155-4b79-84b9-11a653372c55.mp3",{},{"en":50,"ko":51,"ko_audio":52,"audio":53,"audios":54},"If we had left earlier, we wouldn't have gotten stuck in traffic.","もし、私たちがもっと早く出発していたら、交通渋滞に引っかからなかったのに。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F2bc609b4-8233-490f-b00c-a3920d7be1f1.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fcbf7958a-34c9-47c3-8f2b-f1fa1c3401f2.mp3",{},[],[57,69,80],{"ko":58,"options":59},"다음 문장에서 빈칸을 채우시오: If I ___ the job offer, I would have moved to London.",[60,62,65,67],{"t":61,"ok":10},"accepted",{"t":63,"ok":64},"had accepted",true,{"t":66,"ok":10},"would accept",{"t":68,"ok":10},"have accepted",{"ko":70,"options":71},"Third conditional에서 과거완료(`had + pp`)를 사용하는 이유는 무엇인가?",[72,74,76,78],{"t":73,"ok":10},"단순히 '과거'를 나타내기 위해",{"t":75,"ok":64},"현재 기준으로 돌이킬 수 없는 과거의 깊이와 불가능성을 표현하기 위해",{"t":77,"ok":10},"문법 규칙이므로 이유는 없음",{"t":79,"ok":10},"미래의 동작을 나타내기 위해",{"ko":81,"options":82},"'If he had known about the surprise, he wouldn't have cried.'이 의미하는 바는?",[83,85,87,89],{"t":84,"ok":10},"그는 깜짝 선물을 알고 있었고, 울지 않을 것이다.",{"t":86,"ok":64},"그는 깜짝 선물을 몰랐고, 울었다. (현실은 반대임)",{"t":88,"ok":10},"그는 깜짝 선물을 앞으로 알게 될 것이다.",{"t":90,"ok":10},"그는 깜짝 선물을 알았지만, 어쨌든 울 것이다."]