[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"pubgrp:gr-must-haveto:en:ja":3},{"type":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"level":7,"goal":8,"image_path":9,"is_locked":10,"is_daily_free":10,"formula":11,"gloss":14,"desc":15,"desc_audio":16,"voices":17,"examples":18,"fills":55,"choices":56},"grammar","gr-must-haveto","must \u002F have to (義務)","intermediate","의무와 필요성 표현하기 - must vs have to",null,false,[12,13],"Subject + `must` + 動詞の原形（強い義務、内的必要）","Subject + `have to` + 動詞の原形（外的強制、状況的義務）","義務と必要性を表現する - must vs have to","英語で義務や強い必要性を表すとき、日本語話者にとって難しい点は、**英語が「誰が\u002Fどこから義務が来ているのか」を明確に区別する**ということです。日本語では「行かなくてはいけない」「行かなければならない」と表現しますが、これらはほぼ同じ意味です。一方、英語の `must` と `have to` は似ていますが、**重要な違いがあります**。\n\n`must` は**話者自身の主観的な判断や強い意志から生じる義務**を表します。外部的なルールというより、自分の内的な信念や必要性を強調しています。例えば \"I must finish this work\" は「（自分として）これを終わらせなければならないと思う」という内的な強さが込められています。対して `have to` は**外部から課せられた客観的な義務**を表します。「〜しなくてはいけない」という、ルール・法律・他者からの指示によって強制される感覚です。\n\n日本語話者が見落としやすいのは、この**義務の「出所」の違い**です。日本語には主観\u002F客観の区別がそこまで明確ではないため、どちらも「〜しなければならない」で済まされてしまいます。しかし英語では、「自分で必要だと感じている」のか「外部から強制されている」のかが、文法レベルで表現されます。これは英語の論理的で直線的な思考様式の表れです。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fexplain_audio\u002Ff4ed631b-5ecf-4c28-a4a3-ecb9d19243d4.mp3",[],[19,25,31,37,43,49],{"en":20,"ko":21,"ko_audio":22,"audio":23,"audios":24},"I must finish this project today because it's really important to me.","私はこのプロジェクトを今日完了しなければならない。(私が重要だと思うから)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002Fe29315d2-c6f1-4e2c-8906-7399555ed815.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fb35a4cef-9743-4372-b64d-3ef58c984424.mp3",{},{"en":26,"ko":27,"ko_audio":28,"audio":29,"audios":30},"You have to submit the assignment by Friday - it's the school rule.","あなたは課題を金曜日までに提出しなければならない。(学校の規則だから)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002Fdd719aac-5ec0-491f-adca-8f1ce659a945.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fc8237cbf-a613-494a-a37d-ee514c511a2c.mp3",{},{"en":32,"ko":33,"ko_audio":34,"audio":35,"audios":36},"She must love him very much; she talks about him all the time.","彼女は彼を本当にたくさん愛さなければならない;いつも彼について話している。(話者の個人的判断)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002Ff496ecdd-ac48-470f-86a2-7b51ce4f8680.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F4a47f954-7956-4f2c-8893-c9eb109173c6.mp3",{},{"en":38,"ko":39,"ko_audio":40,"audio":41,"audios":42},"We have to attend the meeting tomorrow - our boss said so.","私たちは明日の会議に参加しなければならない。(上司がそう言ったから)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F9355f963-7e70-4341-a1d0-94bc583d8bdb.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F74d06edb-12b3-47c0-9a7d-05b14ebd5660.mp3",{},{"en":44,"ko":45,"ko_audio":46,"audio":47,"audios":48},"You don't have to bring a gift, but you can if you want.","あなたはプレゼントを持ってくる必要がない。(選択肢)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F08b2f28b-5e9d-41e5-8707-1fd499a3ad73.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F6302cddd-0b1c-4f3d-9bec-0944d0dfdfbb.mp3",{},{"en":50,"ko":51,"ko_audio":52,"audio":53,"audios":54},"You must not tell anyone about this secret.","あなたはこの秘密を決して誰にも言ってはいけない。(禁止)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F57698c2b-b031-492c-83db-fbd8d9976c41.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F595330c0-3e2b-443d-b273-face19dccf0e.mp3",{},[],[57,67,74],{"ko":58,"options":59},"I ___ study harder if I want to pass the exam. Which is more appropriate?",[60,62,65],{"t":61,"ok":10},"must",{"t":63,"ok":64},"have to",true,{"t":66,"ok":10},"Both are equally appropriate",{"ko":68,"options":69},"This movie is incredible! You ___ watch it. What would a native speaker likely use?",[70,71,72],{"t":63,"ok":10},{"t":61,"ok":64},{"t":73,"ok":10},"don't have to",{"ko":75,"options":76},"What is the key difference between 'must not' and 'don't have to'?",[77,79,81],{"t":78,"ok":10},"Both mean the same thing",{"t":80,"ok":64},"'must not' = prohibition (금지), 'don't have to' = not necessary (선택사항)",{"t":82,"ok":10},"'have to' is stronger than 'must'"]