[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"pubgrp:gr-passive-present:en:ja":3},{"type":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"level":7,"goal":8,"image_path":9,"is_locked":10,"is_daily_free":10,"formula":11,"gloss":14,"desc":15,"desc_audio":16,"voices":17,"examples":18,"fills":55,"choices":56},"grammar","gr-passive-present","受動態基本 (be + p.p.)","intermediate","현재 수동태: 행동을 받는 관점으로 표현하기",null,false,[12,13],"be + 過去分詞（動詞の-ed形または不規則形）","主語 + am\u002Fis\u002Fare + 過去分詞","現在受動態：行動を受ける観点で表現すること","英語の受動態（`be + 過去分詞`）は、日本語話者にとって非常に難しい概念です。なぜなら、**日本語では行為者を隠す傾向が強く、受動態がそこまで自然ではない**からです。英語では、**誰が何をしたかよりも、「何が何をされたか」という行為の対象に焦点を当てる**という思考方法があります。\n\n例えば、「The house was built in 1990.」（その家は1990年に建てられた）という文では、誰が建てたかは重要ではなく、「その家が建てられた」という事実そのものが重要です。これは日本語の「その家は1990年に建てられた」とは違う思考です。日本語では、この文は単なる出来事の説明ですが、英語では**明確に「受け手」の視点を持つ**のです。\n\nさらに重要なのは、英語では**主語が行為者ではなく、行為を受ける対象である**ということです。`\"The cake was eaten.\"` では、「ケーキ」が主語であり、同時に行為の対象です。日本語では「ケーキは食べられた」と書きますが、これは受動態というより**状態の説明**に近いのです。英語の受動態は、**誰かがそれをした（だから、それは変わった）**という因果関係を示す重要な文法なのです。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fexplain_audio\u002F3b14793a-f83f-4266-b767-7298a91e9ebc.mp3",[],[19,25,31,37,43,49],{"en":20,"ko":21,"ko_audio":22,"audio":23,"audios":24},"The emails are checked by the manager every morning.","メールは毎朝管理者によってチェックされます。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F8cafe8a3-3a1a-4c04-b603-4c3c240501c5.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F21efd82c-ae2e-4be7-9c8c-ecb5d3c8e81a.mp3",{},{"en":26,"ko":27,"ko_audio":28,"audio":29,"audios":30},"This product is made in Korea.","この製品は韓国で作られています。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F330ede16-e93c-4093-8e3a-502a0569f86c.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F799b9d00-342b-435c-be03-a3b1cf5ea211.mp3",{},{"en":32,"ko":33,"ko_audio":34,"audio":35,"audios":36},"The documents are signed by both parties.","その文書は両当事者によって署名されます。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F38062f5d-9ff2-4806-abe6-5999e40998af.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F67c4b93e-6fd6-4ade-9b30-9950fb40728a.mp3",{},{"en":38,"ko":39,"ko_audio":40,"audio":41,"audios":42},"The meeting is scheduled for next Tuesday.","その会議は来週の火曜日に予定されています。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F3f948be3-2af1-4a3f-855f-e0718ccbf7f4.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F7b847d32-938e-4fcd-b355-93f0a7ddaf41.mp3",{},{"en":44,"ko":45,"ko_audio":46,"audio":47,"audios":48},"New employees are trained for two weeks.","新入社員は2週間のトレーニングを受けます。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F42869715-3641-4bad-963a-cb8172dfc4e3.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F962d7787-dcea-419d-8a04-13d51e21cbc1.mp3",{},{"en":50,"ko":51,"ko_audio":52,"audio":53,"audios":54},"The website is updated every week.","そのウェブサイトは毎週更新されます。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F347d1fe3-dc11-4e2b-a2b2-64591328f708.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F90939ca9-1052-456e-adf0-2fee4b119bb4.mp3",{},[],[57,67,76],{"ko":58,"options":59},"다음 문장이 수동태인 이유는 무엇인가? \"The cake is baked by Sarah.\"",[60,62,65],{"t":61,"ok":10},"행동의 주체(Sarah)가 중요하기 때문이다.",{"t":63,"ok":64},"케이크가 행동을 받는 대상이며, 그 결과에 초점을 맞추기 때문이다.",true,{"t":66,"ok":10},"과거분사 'baked'를 사용했기 때문이다.",{"ko":68,"options":69},"\"The report is written\" 문장에서 `is`의 역할은 무엇인가?",[70,72,74],{"t":71,"ok":10},"`is`는 단순히 시제만 표현한다.",{"t":73,"ok":64},"`is`는 '현재의 상태'를 나타내며, 보고서가 '쓰여진 상태'에 있음을 의미한다.",{"t":75,"ok":10},"`is`는 과거분사와 무관하게 독립적으로 쓰인다.",{"ko":77,"options":78},"\"The president was elected\"에서 수동태를 사용한 이유는 무엇일까?",[79,81,83],{"t":80,"ok":10},"능동태가 문법적으로 틀렸기 때문이다.",{"t":82,"ok":64},"누가 선택했는지(국민)가 너무 자명해서이며, 선거라는 결과에 초점을 맞추기 위해서이다.",{"t":84,"ok":10},"수동태가 항상 더 정확하기 때문이다."]