[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"pubgrp:gr-relative-where:en:ja":3},{"type":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"level":7,"goal":8,"image_path":9,"is_locked":10,"is_daily_free":10,"formula":11,"gloss":14,"desc":15,"desc_audio":16,"voices":17,"examples":18,"fills":55,"choices":56},"grammar","gr-relative-where","関係副詞 where \u002F when","advanced","상대적 위치와 시간을 나타내는 관계부사 where와 when",null,false,[12,13],"名詞 + `where` + 節（場所関係副詞—先行詞から位置\u002F場所情報を追加）","名詞 + `when` + 節（時間関係副詞—先行詞から時間\u002F時期情報を追加）","相対的な位置と時間を表す関係副詞 where と when","**英語の関係副詞は、日本語話者にとって最も理解しにくい文法の一つです。** なぜなら、日本語には「場所を修飾する節」と「時間を修飾する節」を区別する専用の文法形式がないからです。\n\n日本語では、「私が昨年訪れた京都」と「私が昨年訪れた時期」のどちらも、基本的に同じ構造（過去分詞的な表現）で表します。しかし英語は根本的に異なります。**`where` と `when` は、修飾される名詞の「欠けた情報」を埋める専用副詞です。** つまり、`the city where I lived` は「その都市」に「どこに住んだのか」という**場所情報**を追加し、`the year when he was born` は「その年」に「いつ生まれたのか」という**時間情報**を追加します。\n\n**非常に重要な違いは、これらが「前置詞+ 関係代名詞」の短縮形ではなく、文法的に独立した関係副詞だということです。** たとえば `the city where I lived` は `the city in which I lived` と同じですが、英語話者の思考では「場所を修飾する専用の機能」として `where` を認識します。日本語では「前置詞句」として理解する傾向がありますが、英語は**場所・時間という「情報カテゴリー」に対して専用の接続形式を用意している**のです。\n\nまた、`where` と `when` は**後ろの節が「完全文」であることが特徴**です。つまり、目的語や修飾対象が既に節の中に含まれている必要があります。`I visited the city where my grandfather lived` は「祖父が住んだ」という完全な動作を表し、「どこに」という情報だけが不足しているのです。これは日本語の相対的な文法体系では表現できない、英語独特の**情報構造の論理**なのです。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fexplain_audio\u002Fbbb8dd4d-b7eb-4180-9cf9-aa66348102d4.mp3",[],[19,25,31,37,43,49],{"en":20,"ko":21,"ko_audio":22,"audio":23,"audios":24},"This is the restaurant where we had our first date.","これが私たちが最初のデートをしたそのレストランです。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002Ff8974dd9-971a-485e-92bf-2516324d1dda.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F05e7c53d-f2f6-4cf5-8d9b-717c7bfd5c2f.mp3",{},{"en":26,"ko":27,"ko_audio":28,"audio":29,"audios":30},"Do you remember the moment when you realized you loved her?","彼女を愛していることに気づいたその瞬間を覚えていますか？","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F0bf74b28-8462-4142-a334-2ab50dfa4348.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F5c46e900-9554-4309-b29d-be6bf4a550fa.mp3",{},{"en":32,"ko":33,"ko_audio":34,"audio":35,"audios":36},"The library where I studied for years has been renovated.","私が何年も勉強したそのライブラリーが改装されました。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002Fdf40e24a-9871-480f-b1e0-297714cce447.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F40427717-2bdc-403e-97e7-b6fff56e4f18.mp3",{},{"en":38,"ko":39,"ko_audio":40,"audio":41,"audios":42},"Summer is the season when most families go on vacation.","夏はほとんどの家族が休暇を取るその季節です。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F1a1e407d-c0cc-4685-acb0-e89e7d59d137.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F3073bbff-149a-4d85-9f4e-da0e65edf8d2.mp3",{},{"en":44,"ko":45,"ko_audio":46,"audio":47,"audios":48},"She visited the town where her parents grew up and found it unchanged.","彼女は自分の両親が育ったその町を訪れ、それが変わっていないことに気づきました。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F82c0fd02-db87-47b1-bc20-3d34ca707c8d.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F06ca590b-7488-43c0-955e-fbc3903adf9a.mp3",{},{"en":50,"ko":51,"ko_audio":52,"audio":53,"audios":54},"The period when the company expanded rapidly was challenging for managers.","会社が急速に成長したその期間は管理者にとって困難でした。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F0556bc59-f80b-457f-86c5-515cd89096f5.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Ff46a5af7-ad55-4562-a886-08223898e465.mp3",{},[],[57,69,80],{"ko":58,"options":59},"\"The city where I was born is in the north.\" 문장에서, `where`가 `in which`로 바뀔 수 있는 이유는?",[60,62,65,67],{"t":61,"ok":10},"두 표현이 완전히 동일한 의미이기 때문",{"t":63,"ok":64},"`where`가 이미 전치사 in의 역할을 포함하고 있기 때문",true,{"t":66,"ok":10},"`in which`가 더 간단한 표현이기 때문",{"t":68,"ok":10},"영어 방언에서만 `where`를 쓰기 때문",{"ko":70,"options":71},"한국어 \"그때 우리가 만났던 순간\"을 영어로 옮길 때, \"the moment when we met\"에서 관계절 내에 \"on\"을 추가하면 안 되는 이유는?",[72,74,76,78],{"t":73,"ok":10},"영어에는 전치사가 없기 때문",{"t":75,"ok":64},"`when`이 이미 시간 전치사의 의미를 포함하고 있기 때문",{"t":77,"ok":10},"한국어와 영어의 문법이 다르기 때문",{"t":79,"ok":10},"\"the moment\" 자체가 전치사를 포함하기 때문",{"ko":81,"options":82},"다음 중 문법적으로 올바른 문장은?",[83,85,87,89],{"t":84,"ok":10},"The office where I worked in was downtown.",{"t":86,"ok":10},"The period when the project ended on was December.",{"t":88,"ok":64},"The country where he traveled was France.",{"t":90,"ok":10},"The year when she graduated in was 2020."]