[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"pubgrp:gr-gerund:en:ja":3},{"type":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"level":7,"goal":8,"image_path":9,"is_locked":10,"is_daily_free":10,"formula":11,"gloss":14,"desc":15,"desc_audio":16,"voices":17,"examples":18,"fills":55,"choices":56},"grammar","gr-gerund","動名詞 (~ing)","intermediate","동명사: 동사를 명사처럼 쓰기 (Gerunds as Nouns)",null,false,[12,13],"動詞原形 + -ing（名詞の役割）→ 主語／目的語／補語の位置に使用","例：Swimming is fun. ／ I enjoy swimming. ／ My hobby is swimming.","動名詞：動詞を名詞のように使う (Gerunds as Nouns)","**動名詞（~ing）の根本的な違い：**日本語では「走る」「読む」などの動詞はいつも「動き」として捉えられていますが、英語の動名詞 `~ing` は、その動作を**一つの「物」や「概念」として固めて**扱う思考です。つまり、「run」という動詞を「running」という名詞に変えることで、「走る行為そのもの」を話題の対象にするのです。\n\n日本語話者にとって難しい理由は、日本語では動詞は常に動詞のままだからです。例えば「走ることが好きです」と言う時、日本語は「好き」という形容詞に動詞を付け加えるだけですが、英語では `I like running` と、**「running」を一つの「もの」として、まるで名詞のように**扱っています。これは「走ること」を確固たる概念として物質化しているのです。\n\n**重要な３つの用法：**\n1. **目的語として：** `I enjoy reading` — 「読むこと」を目的語として取る\n2. **主語として：** `Smoking is bad` — 「喫煙という行為」が主語になる\n3. **前置詞の後：** `before leaving`, `after eating` — 時間や条件の「事柄」を表す\n\n英語では「行動を一つの現象として距離を置いて観察する」思考があり、日本語はもっと動的で流動的な捉え方をします。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fexplain_audio\u002Fc048e011-98f1-4473-8dce-bd0baab937b8.mp3",[],[19,25,31,37,43,49],{"en":20,"ko":21,"ko_audio":22,"audio":23,"audios":24},"Swimming every day is great for your health.","毎日泳ぐことは健康に非常に良い。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F7bef7270-94db-4f30-92bb-d31b7223755a.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F7b80cd51-cf50-48b3-b876-b3b063f7ae2e.mp3",{},{"en":26,"ko":27,"ko_audio":28,"audio":29,"audios":30},"I really enjoy cooking dinner for my family.","私は家族のために夜食を調理することを本当に楽しんでいます。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F48c5ff39-ff3f-4014-b2f2-53aab07219ed.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F1ec40977-762a-465b-a076-48e6863b8cd7.mp3",{},{"en":32,"ko":33,"ko_audio":34,"audio":35,"audios":36},"She avoided making eye contact during the meeting.","彼女は会議中に目を合わせることを避けた。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002Fb05f2942-0e10-47ec-beed-7675d673c710.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fb826c1f5-3f00-4a2c-9af3-f7335a65e597.mp3",{},{"en":38,"ko":39,"ko_audio":40,"audio":41,"audios":42},"One of my bad habits is checking my phone before bed.","私の悪い習慣の一つは、寝る前に携帯電話をチェックすることです。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F7da05bd8-b8c4-41cb-acae-e51ec3a9d05d.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F1a0ce46a-2240-4a69-a2fa-ac712afde71c.mp3",{},{"en":44,"ko":45,"ko_audio":46,"audio":47,"audios":48},"Have you considered moving to a different city?","別の都市に引っ越すことを考えたことがありますか？","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002Fd846a1d6-6c8f-4ba5-9efd-04a2d4c20a34.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F34fd41ce-8687-4452-91ed-50a2072c0c32.mp3",{},{"en":50,"ko":51,"ko_audio":52,"audio":53,"audios":54},"They finally finished building the new bridge.","彼らはついに新しい橋を建設することを完了しました。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F3434cf3a-ce90-48cd-8055-ee63e53780ef.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F8de9623e-8594-464a-a2c2-b303fb2188e8.mp3",{},[],[57,69,80],{"ko":58,"options":59},"다음 중 동명사가 문장의 **주어(Subject)**로 쓰인 문장은?",[60,62,65,67],{"t":61,"ok":10},"I stopped to buy some coffee.",{"t":63,"ok":64},"Running in the morning makes me feel awake.",true,{"t":66,"ok":10},"She wants to learn Spanish.",{"t":68,"ok":10},"He is running in the park.",{"ko":70,"options":71},"다음 빈칸에 들어갈 올바른 형태를 고르세요: \"My brother avoids ___ spicy food because of his stomach.\"",[72,74,76,78],{"t":73,"ok":10},"eat",{"t":75,"ok":10},"to eat",{"t":77,"ok":64},"eating",{"t":79,"ok":10},"eaten",{"ko":81,"options":82},"다음 중 동명사 사용이 **틀린** 문장은?",[83,85,87,89],{"t":84,"ok":10},"I enjoy listening to music on the subway.",{"t":86,"ok":10},"Traveling abroad broadens your perspective.",{"t":88,"ok":64},"She finished to write her report.",{"t":90,"ok":10},"He considered changing his job."]