[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"pubgrp:gr-have-to:en:ja":3},{"type":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"level":7,"goal":8,"image_path":9,"is_locked":10,"is_daily_free":10,"formula":11,"gloss":14,"desc":15,"desc_audio":16,"voices":17,"examples":18,"fills":55,"choices":56},"grammar","gr-have-to","have to","elementary","의무 표현하기: \"have to\"와 \"must\"의 차이",null,false,[12,13],"主語 + have to \u002F has to + 動詞原形","主語 + must + 動詞原形","義務表現：\"have to\"と\"must\"の違い","英語の`have to`は、**外的な理由や状況によって「～しなければならない」という義務や必要性**を表します。日本語話者にとって難しい点は、英語が「義務」を**持つ動作**として捉えることです。日本語では「～しなければならない」と単純に述べますが、英語では「その義務を自分が持っている」という概念があります。\n\n`have to`の最大の特徴は、**義務が自分の外部から来ている**ということを強調することです。例えば「I have to study」は「（親や先生など外部の力が）勉強することを私に義務付けている」というニュアンスを含みます。これは`must`よりも客観的で、**状況や他者の要求による必然性**を表します。\n\n日本語では「～しなければならない」で主観と客観の区別が曖昧ですが、英語では`have to`（外的）と`must`（内的・強制的）で明確に分けられます。`have to`は「避けられない現実や要求」として機能し、**自分が選んだのではなく、状況がそう要求している**というメンタリティが重要です。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fexplain_audio\u002F541fcb9d-d51f-4222-a7ff-ab054c9cb671.mp3",[],[19,25,31,37,43,49],{"en":20,"ko":21,"ko_audio":22,"audio":23,"audios":24},"I have to wear a uniform at my school.","私は学校で制服を着なければならない。(学校規則 → 外部義務)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F5be7dd55-eb1f-4dcf-a926-b0e8535a2a1e.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F99df0bc9-a706-445f-9781-a67ae3797da6.mp3",{},{"en":26,"ko":27,"ko_audio":28,"audio":29,"audios":30},"She has to finish the report by Friday.","彼女は金曜日までにレポートを終わらせなければならない。(職場要件 → 外部義務)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F5ccc5f48-5fd4-42f0-83af-41e7ca715056.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F71ece06f-3270-4144-ba08-256f652a3fc9.mp3",{},{"en":32,"ko":33,"ko_audio":34,"audio":35,"audios":36},"You must see a doctor. You look really sick.","君は絶対に病院に行かなければならない。本当に具合が悪そうだ。(私の強い確信\u002F判断 → 内部義務)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F07de60cf-f448-4d19-bedc-33454226495e.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fdc66d230-9495-48e2-9213-67f2cad08123.mp3",{},{"en":38,"ko":39,"ko_audio":40,"audio":41,"audios":42},"We have to pay taxes every year.","私たちは毎年税金を納めなければならない。(法律 → 外部義務)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002Fa8d1f551-d68f-4942-bf2e-8aa12c5bbfe4.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F40212713-3d29-49c7-b1e5-cc0debfa7cba.mp3",{},{"en":44,"ko":45,"ko_audio":46,"audio":47,"audios":48},"I must remember to call my mom tonight.","私は今晩、お母さんに絶対に電話しなければならない。(自分自身の強い意志 → 内部義務)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F1497b566-55de-42d8-bfb2-62c9682efe1c.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F20acd10b-45ea-4dd6-90ed-a0e5c06538ef.mp3",{},{"en":50,"ko":51,"ko_audio":52,"audio":53,"audios":54},"He had to stay late at the office yesterday.","彼は昨日、事務所に遅くまでいなければならなかった。(過去の義務 → had to使用)","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002Fd4339363-2d3b-4667-aca1-8ebe0e46b21d.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fc920a03d-bd34-4779-8798-d171f3abfc57.mp3",{},[],[57,69,80],{"ko":58,"options":59},"다음 중 `have to`를 써야 하는 상황은 어느 것인가요?",[60,62,65,67],{"t":61,"ok":10},"나 스스로 '이건 정말 중요해!'라고 강하게 느낄 때",{"t":63,"ok":64},"학교 규칙 때문에 어떤 행동을 해야 할 때",true,{"t":66,"ok":10},"미래에 일어날 일을 예측할 때",{"t":68,"ok":10},"상대방에게 부탁을 할 때",{"ko":70,"options":71},"\"그는 어제 일찍 일어나야 했다\"를 영어로 올바르게 옮긴 것은?",[72,74,76,78],{"t":73,"ok":10},"He must wake up early yesterday.",{"t":75,"ok":10},"He has to wake up early yesterday.",{"t":77,"ok":64},"He had to wake up early yesterday.",{"t":79,"ok":10},"He have to wake up early yesterday.",{"ko":81,"options":82},"빈칸에 가장 자연스러운 표현을 고르세요: \"You ___ try this food. It's absolutely amazing!\" (내가 강하게 추천하는 상황)",[83,84,86,88],{"t":6,"ok":10},{"t":85,"ok":10},"has to",{"t":87,"ok":10},"had to",{"t":89,"ok":64},"must"]