[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"pubgrp:kg-do-man:ko:ja":3},{"type":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"level":7,"goal":8,"image_path":9,"is_locked":10,"is_daily_free":10,"formula":11,"gloss":14,"desc":15,"desc_audio":16,"voices":17,"examples":18,"fills":55,"choices":56},"grammar","kg-do-man","も・だけ","elementary","Particles 도 (also) and 만 (only) — Adding and Limiting Meaning",null,false,[12,13],"名詞 + 도 = 名詞 (も)","名詞 + 만 = 名詞 (だけ)","助詞 도 (も) と 만 (だけ) — 意味を追加して制限する","韓国語の `도` と `만` は、日本語話者にとって最も理解しづらい概念の一つです。なぜなら、日本語では「も」と「だけ」という意味の違いで区別していますが、韓国語ではこれらが**複数の概念を統合する助詞**として機能しているからです。\n\n**`도` の本質：「範囲の拡張」と「予想外性」**。`도` は「～も、～さえ、～まで」という多様な意味を持ちますが、根底にあるのは「予想外の範囲への拡張」です。例えば「아이도 할 수 있다」は「子どもでさえ（予想外に）できる」という含意があります。これは日本語の「も」に似ていますが、韓国語の `도` はより強く「その主体が想定外の対象である」という論理を含みます。日本語では「も」は単純に「追加」を示しますが、韓国語の `도` は「**通常は含まれない対象を含める**」というニュアンスが強いのです。\n\n**`만` の本質：「限定と排他性」**。`만` は「～だけ、～のみ」という意味で、**その対象以外を明確に排除**します。「시간이 없어. 돈만 있으면 돼」（時間がない。お金さえあれば（他は不要）」という文では、「お金だけがあれば十分で、他は必要ない」という排他的限定を示しています。\n\n最大の違いは：`도` は「**追加・拡張・包摂の方向**」で動作し、`만` は「**限定・排除・制限の方向**」で動作することです。日本語話者は両者を「助詞の種類の違い」と捉えがちですが、実は**思考方向が正反対**なのです。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fexplain_audio\u002F2abeee56-572e-4435-ace3-5d2948106e1b.mp3",[],[19,25,31,37,43,49],{"en":20,"ko":21,"ko_audio":22,"audio":23,"audios":24},"나는 커피를 마신다.","私はコーヒーを飲む。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F7f8942d9-2ab1-4d45-be69-352f075d6963.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fb0595056-c47d-4765-bf40-eeb43b1e9dd4.mp3",{},{"en":26,"ko":27,"ko_audio":28,"audio":29,"audios":30},"나는 커피도 마신다.","私はコーヒーも飲む。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F3370c0fb-92d0-42bd-8c60-f30b0f31aa3e.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fc059e172-d300-46a6-8b14-85f235a20e25.mp3",{},{"en":32,"ko":33,"ko_audio":34,"audio":35,"audios":36},"나는 커피만 마신다.","私はコーヒーだけ飲む。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F1d1a4a54-0f16-44df-9b7e-0b6620de71cc.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fe0b2a48b-c6e5-402a-afdb-b2c69190b9c8.mp3",{},{"en":38,"ko":39,"ko_audio":40,"audio":41,"audios":42},"민준이도 학생이다.","ミンジュンも学生だ。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F6d273ba8-ba4f-48f5-b0f9-8892a5292350.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fbded1baa-4f1a-4ebd-ae38-8c5eb0537b15.mp3",{},{"en":44,"ko":45,"ko_audio":46,"audio":47,"audios":48},"나는 수박만 좋아한다.","私はスイカだけ好きだ。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F32c63deb-a586-44d0-a29b-6a3f35b39751.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F6e337d70-82c8-4ad1-94c0-f9d60f3bb912.mp3",{},{"en":50,"ko":51,"ko_audio":52,"audio":53,"audios":54},"우리는 한국어도 배운다.","私たちは韓国語も学ぶ。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F15d3a923-3b4c-4c5e-9906-d5db032af6a7.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F56daa834-7a49-46cf-8c1f-27e726b12ef0.mp3",{},[],[57,69,80],{"ko":58,"options":59},"What is the main difference in how English and Korean express 'also' or 'only'?",[60,63,65,67],{"t":61,"ok":62},"English uses separate words placed around the verb; Korean attaches particles directly to the noun.",true,{"t":64,"ok":10},"English is more precise; Korean is always vague.",{"t":66,"ok":10},"They work the same way; there is no difference.",{"t":68,"ok":10},"English uses particles; Korean uses separate adverbs.",{"ko":70,"options":71},"Which sentence correctly uses 도?",[72,74,76,78],{"t":73,"ok":10},"나는 밥만 먹는다. (I eat only rice.)",{"t":75,"ok":62},"나는 밥도 먹는다. (I eat rice too.)",{"t":77,"ok":10},"밥 도 맛있다. (Rice also is delicious.) — with space before 도",{"t":79,"ok":10},"도는 밥 먹는다. (Also I eat rice.)",{"ko":81,"options":82},"What does 만 emphasize in the sentence 나는 물만 마신다?",[83,85,87,89],{"t":84,"ok":10},"That the speaker also drinks water, like someone else.",{"t":86,"ok":10},"That the speaker drinks water slowly.",{"t":88,"ok":62},"That the speaker drinks *only* water, and nothing but water.",{"t":90,"ok":10},"That the speaker wants to drink water in the future."]