[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"pubgrp:kg-eun-neun:ko:ja":3},{"type":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"level":7,"goal":8,"image_path":9,"is_locked":10,"is_daily_free":10,"formula":11,"gloss":14,"desc":15,"desc_audio":16,"voices":17,"examples":18,"fills":55,"choices":56},"grammar","kg-eun-neun","は","beginner","Topic particle 은\u002F는: Marking what you're talking about",null,false,[12,13],"名詞（子音で終わる）+ 은 + 動詞","名詞（母音で終わる）+ 는 + 動詞","格助詞 은\u002F는：話題を示す","韓国語の`은\u002F는`は、日本語話者にとって最も理解しにくい文法です。なぜなら、**日本語の「は」と完全に同じではない**からです。\n\n**韓国語の`은\u002F는`の本質：これは「主題マーカー」です。** 単なる助詞ではなく、「これからの話の舞台設定」を示します。話者が「このテーマについて話しますよ」と宣言するのです。例えば、「私は学生です」と言う時、韓国語では「私というテーマについて、次の情報を述べます」という心理状態があります。日本語の「は」も似ていますが、微妙に違います。\n\n**日本語と韓国語の違い：** 日本語の「は」は対比（コントラスト）を暗に含むことがあります。「私は学生です」と言うと「他の人は違う」というニュアンスが生じることもあります。しかし韓国語の`은\u002F는`は**純粋に主題化（テーマ化）するだけ**で、対比の意味は弱いです。また、日本語では「を」や「に」の後に「は」が来ることがありますが、韓国語では`은\u002F는`は通常、文の最初の名詞にのみ付きます。\n\n**実際の使い方：** `은\u002F는`を見たら、「話者がこのテーマについて情報を提供しようとしている」と理解しましょう。これは述語が何であれ、その名詞が文全体の焦点（フォーカス）になるということです。`을\u002F를`（直接目的語）や`이\u002F가`（主語・新情報）とは異なり、`은\u002F는`は「既に知られているか、あるいはこれから話す舞台」を示すのです。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fexplain_audio\u002Ff2caa0f9-e823-4d86-86a7-eb03eaa72997.mp3",[],[19,25,31,37,43,49],{"en":20,"ko":21,"ko_audio":22,"audio":23,"audios":24},"고양이는 귀여워요.","猫は可愛いです。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002Fb58f27c8-786f-4b09-8268-efd8d9efc514.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F84b7c600-e507-48e2-94f1-bd1e83e696ba.mp3",{},{"en":26,"ko":27,"ko_audio":28,"audio":29,"audios":30},"학생은 열심히 공부해요.","学生は一生懸命に勉強しています。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F6b57028d-8978-4fcb-9e88-3172b8d980e2.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F66dbbc23-76b2-4af2-af23-d8e6a9e4de3b.mp3",{},{"en":32,"ko":33,"ko_audio":34,"audio":35,"audios":36},"물은 차가워요.","水は冷たいです。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F8ccd7d88-9f40-4a67-857f-1392813d3ee2.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F6934d434-b071-4322-9dd8-a15a36683b8a.mp3",{},{"en":38,"ko":39,"ko_audio":40,"audio":41,"audios":42},"책은 재미있어요.","本は面白いです。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002Fe87171ab-935b-4a15-b482-5bc8e989ca12.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F0c3b14a9-f783-4d4e-b4a4-1d3307158229.mp3",{},{"en":44,"ko":45,"ko_audio":46,"audio":47,"audios":48},"선생님은 친절해요.","先生は親切です。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F15590e23-f69e-4a0b-9657-a1234825a3c8.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F04462858-5fa7-462f-a1b8-6046416abfe8.mp3",{},{"en":50,"ko":51,"ko_audio":52,"audio":53,"audios":54},"밥은 맛있어요.","ご飯は美味しいです。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002Fa5fe17f6-252d-4cd2-9278-ca7beaa45668.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F802499a6-afbe-46ab-a155-4e5ed026aa03.mp3",{},[],[57,69,76],{"ko":58,"options":59},"Which particle do you use after a noun that ends in a vowel sound?",[60,62,65,67],{"t":61,"ok":10},"은",{"t":63,"ok":64},"는",true,{"t":66,"ok":10},"이",{"t":68,"ok":10},"를",{"ko":70,"options":71},"Complete the sentence: 사과___ 맛있어요. (The apple is delicious.)",[72,73,74,75],{"t":61,"ok":10},{"t":63,"ok":64},{"t":66,"ok":10},{"t":68,"ok":10},{"ko":77,"options":78},"Complete the sentence: 학교___ 크거나 작아요. (The school is big or small.)",[79,80,81,82],{"t":61,"ok":64},{"t":63,"ok":10},{"t":66,"ok":10},{"t":68,"ok":10}]