[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"pubgrp:kg-n-jeok-itda:ko:ja":3},{"type":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"level":7,"goal":8,"image_path":9,"is_locked":10,"is_daily_free":10,"formula":11,"gloss":14,"desc":15,"desc_audio":16,"voices":17,"examples":18,"fills":55,"choices":56},"grammar","kg-n-jeok-itda","ㄴ 적 있다（経験）","intermediate","Expressing past experience with (으)ㄴ 적이 있다",null,false,[12,13],"動詞 (으)ㄴ 적이 있다\u002F없다","V-은 적 \u002F V-ㄴ 적","(으)ㄴ 적이 있다で過去の経験を表現する","韓国語の `ㄴ 적 있다` は、**人生のある時点での完了した経験**を表す表現です。この表現が日本語話者にとって理解しにくい理由は、韓国語が「経験」を非常に具体的で限定的に概念化しているからです。\n\n日本語では「〜したことがある」は、過去のいつかに「その行為をした」という単なる事実の有無を問うだけです。例えば「ニューヨークに行ったことがある」と言えば、「過去のどこかで去った」という事実をぼんやり述べています。しかし韓国語の `ㄴ 적 있다` は、**その出来事が人生の中で「一つの点」として存在したという記憶と経験**を強く示唆します。`적` という漢字語は「的」「跡」を意味し、つまり「その事をした跡・痕跡がある」というニュアンスなのです。これは単に「したか\u002Fしなかったか」ではなく、**「人生のどこかに、その経験という足跡を残したか」**という、より感情的で記憶ベースの表現なのです。\n\nもう一つ重要な違いは、韓国語では `ㄴ 적 있다` と `해본 적 있다`（してみたことがある）の違いが明確に区別されることです。`해본` は「試してみた」というチャレンジングな、積極的な経験のニュアンスがあるのに対し、`ㄴ 적 있다` はより中立的です。つまり、韓国語話者は経験の「質」や「態度」まで細かく言い分けているわけです。日本語は「したことがある」で統一してしまいますが、韓国語は経験を**より多層的・記憶重視で捉える言語文化**なのです。\n\nしたがって `ㄴ 적 있다` を使う時は、「その経験が自分の人生に刻まれた、思い出せる出来事」というイメージを持つことが重要です。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fexplain_audio\u002F8859f913-35ac-43ea-aba9-07fcf6a3cfe5.mp3",[],[19,25,31,37,43,49],{"en":20,"ko":21,"ko_audio":22,"audio":23,"audios":24},"저는 일본에 간 적이 있어요.","私は日本に行ったことがあります。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F26da6f48-e33f-4603-ac84-c2000aac53ab.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F9b6ea1cf-cc37-480a-bdd9-429caea0869c.mp3",{},{"en":26,"ko":27,"ko_audio":28,"audio":29,"audios":30},"한국 음식을 먹어본 적이 있으세요?","韓国料理を食べたことがありますか。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F3bd35ef8-c091-4af7-ba4d-1036ed827d3e.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fb20df0c8-ad53-4c97-a49a-6cbc078ffff5.mp3",{},{"en":32,"ko":33,"ko_audio":34,"audio":35,"audios":36},"그런 실수를 한 적이 없어요.","そのような間違いをしたことがありません。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002Fd2f555e4-166d-4fc1-ade3-41fa46eb85e3.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F6322d284-82f0-4175-b330-824c07ccd828.mp3",{},{"en":38,"ko":39,"ko_audio":40,"audio":41,"audios":42},"비행기 타본 적이 있니?","飛行機に乗ったことがありますか。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F4fb4f15f-e0a1-478f-8995-4d2f5a492dfd.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F209e7ea6-a992-469c-a994-abf17e037926.mp3",{},{"en":44,"ko":45,"ko_audio":46,"audio":47,"audios":48},"이 책을 읽은 적이 있는데, 정말 좋았어요.","この本を読んだことがありますが、本当に良かったです。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F0d4a08ad-29bf-46ce-ba1e-6f6564df8f2c.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fedfac15f-e984-4a5f-a07a-c3e8a4038fea.mp3",{},{"en":50,"ko":51,"ko_audio":52,"audio":53,"audios":54},"영어를 공부한 적이 있지만 완전히 잊어버렸어요.","英語を勉強したことがありますが、完全に忘れてしまいました。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002Fd6b974d3-cbb7-402e-83da-e97d213d5946.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F7d8bfd4b-936f-44ae-8035-3ac5224be3d5.mp3",{},[],[57,68,80],{"ko":58,"options":59},"What is the primary difference between '먹었어요' (past tense) and '먹은 적이 있어요' (past experience)?",[60,62,64,66],{"t":61,"ok":10},"There is no difference; they mean exactly the same thing.",{"t":63,"ok":10},"'먹었어요' is just a past action, while '먹은 적이 있어요' emphasizes that you have the personal experience and knowledge of what that action is like.",{"t":65,"ok":10},"'먹은 적이 있어요' only works with negative sentences.",{"t":67,"ok":10},"'먹었어요' is more polite than '먹은 적이 있어요'.",{"ko":69,"options":70},"Which sentence correctly uses '(으)ㄴ 적이 있다' to express past experience?",[71,73,76,78],{"t":72,"ok":10},"저는 숙제를 할 적이 있어요. (Present tense—doing homework right now)",{"t":74,"ok":75},"저는 서울에 산 적이 있어요. (I have lived in Seoul—had that experience).",true,{"t":77,"ok":10},"저는 매일 운동을 한 적이 있어요. (This sounds odd because 매일 is habitual, not experiential).",{"t":79,"ok":10},"Both A and B are correct.",{"ko":81,"options":82},"What does '그런 일은 해본 적이 없어요' mean?",[83,85,87,89],{"t":84,"ok":10},"I sometimes do that kind of work.",{"t":86,"ok":75},"I have never experienced doing that kind of thing (no such occasion exists in my life).",{"t":88,"ok":10},"I am currently trying to do that kind of work.",{"t":90,"ok":10},"I will never do that kind of work in the future."]