[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"pubgrp:kg-kkeseo:ko:ja":3},{"type":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"level":7,"goal":8,"image_path":9,"is_locked":10,"is_daily_free":10,"formula":11,"gloss":14,"desc":15,"desc_audio":16,"voices":17,"examples":18,"fills":55,"choices":56},"grammar","kg-kkeseo","께서 \u002F 께 (敬語助詞)","intermediate","Honorific particles 께서 and 께 for subjects and objects",null,false,[12,13],"N + 께서 + 動詞(敬語主語)","N + 께 + 動詞(敬語間接目的語\u002F受取人)","敬語助詞「께서」と「께」の主語と目的語用法","韓国語の敬語システムは、**日本語にはない独特な考え方**に基づいています。日本語では敬語は主に「話者の態度」で表現しますが、韓国語では**敬語の対象が「文法的な主語・客体」になる**という根本的な違いがあります。\n\n`께서`と`께`は同じ敬語主体を指す助詞ですが、その役割が異なります。**`께서`は敬語対象が「主語」として動作を行う場合**に使い、**`께`は敬語対象が「間接的な対象」**（方向、受け手、存在場所など）になる場合に使います。日本語話者にとって重要なのは、これが**敬語化ではなく、文法的な格の選択**だという認識です。\n\n例えば、「先生は教えます」と言う場合、先生が「行為の主体」なので`께서`を使い「선생님**께서** 가르치십니다」になります。一方「先生に教えてもらう」と言う場合、先生は「行為の受け手・相手」の役割なので`께`を使い「선생님**께** 배웁니다」になります。これは敬語化ではなく、**敬語対象がどの文法的役割を担うか**という客観的な文法判定なのです。\n\n日本語には元々この区別がないため、韓国語学習者は「敬語だから敬語形を使う」という思考ではなく、「この人物が文の中でどういう役割を果たすのか」を先に判断し、その上で敬語マーカーを選ぶという**二段階思考**が必要になります。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fexplain_audio\u002F877d88b9-e416-4ae2-b94e-20945c54689c.mp3",[],[19,25,31,37,43,49],{"en":20,"ko":21,"ko_audio":22,"audio":23,"audios":24},"선생님께서 학교에 오셨어요.","先生が学校に来られました。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F26088041-e4b7-49f8-9235-3d2631700203.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F43ead8d0-54db-4c4e-a134-42fda5f59074.mp3",{},{"en":26,"ko":27,"ko_audio":28,"audio":29,"audios":30},"할머니께 편지를 보냈어요.","おばあさんに手紙を送りました。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002Fe4aa91e5-f2e3-40c5-b986-adbcc8b4a6f3.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F91e0ba42-1c33-4410-bf09-1c88a2fe1656.mp3",{},{"en":32,"ko":33,"ko_audio":34,"audio":35,"audios":36},"사장님께서 회의를 시작하셨습니다.","社長が会議を始められました。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F7902ca53-0cf8-4cdf-9e17-e06fabb68107.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F4d8fa899-884d-439a-ba59-a66f1603d354.mp3",{},{"en":38,"ko":39,"ko_audio":40,"audio":41,"audios":42},"부모님께 안 좋은 소식을 알려야 해요.","両親に悪いニュースを知らせなければなりません。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F90c693e8-f00d-42ad-ab11-dffee13a78f3.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F4d81e882-7b20-4de1-ba28-a0d867e25aaf.mp3",{},{"en":44,"ko":45,"ko_audio":46,"audio":47,"audios":48},"교수님께서 새로운 이론을 설명해 주셨어요.","教授が新しい理論を説明してくれました。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002Fffa53819-4374-4a89-8e76-65312f198f93.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F9392d0ef-ac38-45f4-800a-ad332830fc52.mp3",{},{"en":50,"ko":51,"ko_audio":52,"audio":53,"audios":54},"할아버지께서 저에게 조언을 주셨어요.","祖父が私にアドバイスをくれました。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002Ff5051bef-b8a2-4237-8011-2fcec8d197b5.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F527fc806-c0d6-43f3-b83e-cbe69197c6fc.mp3",{},[],[57,67,76],{"ko":58,"options":59},"Which sentence correctly uses the honorific subject particle?",[60,62,65],{"t":61,"ok":10},"선생님이 강의를 하셨어요.",{"t":63,"ok":64},"선생님께서 강의를 하셨어요.",true,{"t":66,"ok":10},"선생님에게 강의를 하셨어요.",{"ko":68,"options":69},"Choose the sentence where 께 is correctly used for an honorific recipient:",[70,72,74],{"t":71,"ok":10},"어머니한테 선물을 샀어요.",{"t":73,"ok":64},"어머니께 선물을 샀어요.",{"t":75,"ok":10},"어머니가 선물을 샀어요.",{"ko":77,"options":78},"Why do we use 께서 instead of 이\u002F가 when talking about a teacher?",[79,81,83],{"t":80,"ok":10},"It is shorter and easier to pronounce.",{"t":82,"ok":64},"Because Korean grammar requires us to mark respect for higher-status people in the sentence structure itself.",{"t":84,"ok":10},"Because teachers are always performing actions in sentences."]