[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"pubgrp:kg-special-honor:ko:ja":3},{"type":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"level":7,"goal":8,"image_path":9,"is_locked":10,"is_daily_free":10,"formula":11,"gloss":14,"desc":15,"desc_audio":16,"voices":17,"examples":18,"fills":55,"choices":56},"grammar","kg-special-honor","特殊敬語（계시다・드시다）","advanced","Special Honorific Verbs (계시다, 드시다, 주무시다) - Encoding Social Hierarchy",null,false,[12,13],"主語（높임）+ 特殊敬語動詞 + （目的語）+ 文型","敬語（존댓말）\u002Fタメ口（반말）+ 특수경칭동사（계시다\u002F드시다\u002F주무시다）+ 語尾","特殊敬語動詞（계시다、드시다、주무시다）- 社会的階級の符号化","韓国語の敬語システムは、単なる文法ルールではなく、**階級的な社会構造と相手への尊敬心を言語化する思想**に基づいています。日本語話者が最初につまずく理由は、`계시다`と`드시다`が「特殊な敬語動詞」だからです。\n\n**`계시다`の本質は「存在の敬語化」です。** 通常の敬語は接尾辞（`-세요`, `-습니다`）で実現されますが、`계시다`は**動詞そのものが敬語動詞**です。「〜がいる」の敬語版として機能します。例えば「先生がいる」は敬語で「선생님**께서 계시다**」となります。日本語の「いらっしゃる」が特別な敬語になるように、韓国語も**この動詞を使うこと自体が相手への最高の敬意を示します**。一般人には`있다`を使いますが、目上の人や尊敬される存在には必ず`계시다`を選択します。\n\n**`드시다`の本質は「与える行為の敬語化」です。** 通常の「あげる」は`주다`ですが、目上の人が何かをしてくれる（あげてくれる）場合に`드시다`を使います。例：「先生が説明してくださる」→「선생님**께서 설명해 드신다**」。ここで重要なのは、**韓国語では「もらう行為」よりも「相手が与えてくれる行為」に敬語の焦点を当てる**という思考です。日本語では「先生が教えてくださる」と表現しますが、韓国語は「先生が（私に）教えを与えてくださる」という**受動的な利益を明示化**します。\n\nこの違いは文化的背景にあります。韓国社会では上下関係が明確で、**目上の人の存在や行為そのものが「施しを与える側」として位置づけられます**。だから`계시다`と`드시다`は単なる敬語ではなく、**社会的な立場関係を言語に組み込むための必須形式**なのです。日本語にはこの「行為主体の敬語化」という発想がないため、日本語話者は最初「なぜわざわざ動詞を変えるのか」と感じるのです。答えは：**上下関係を最大限に明示化し、相手の優位性を言語レベルで確認するため**です。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fexplain_audio\u002F1131f477-5800-49db-a837-9f1116788034.mp3",[],[19,25,31,37,43,49],{"en":20,"ko":21,"ko_audio":22,"audio":23,"audios":24},"할머니가 계세요.","おばあさんがいらっしゃいます。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F7d735805-117b-4fe1-9ce7-42f485b11bb1.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F3fc7b0f0-3181-4643-b1cc-ed42e1d450b7.mp3",{},{"en":26,"ko":27,"ko_audio":28,"audio":29,"audios":30},"선생님이 지금 밥을 드시고 있어요.","先生は今、ご飯を召し上がっています。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F1216c873-7c07-4cd9-99c4-8efe84eb1492.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fd616cdd2-6b20-4b17-9825-0945b7686e8c.mp3",{},{"en":32,"ko":33,"ko_audio":34,"audio":35,"audios":36},"할아버지가 주무시는 중이에요.","おじいさんが寝ていらっしゃいます。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002Fd35f4c9d-1e00-454b-bf37-f97e7659bc6b.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F20259a71-9f53-485b-ac8b-64678e14acdf.mp3",{},{"en":38,"ko":39,"ko_audio":40,"audio":41,"audios":42},"우리 엄마는 아직도 우리를 위해 일해 주세요.","私たちのお母さんはまだ私たちのために働いてくれています。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002Ff5818a30-3583-494b-ac0f-a9dd8ad2b642.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Ff11ef84d-abac-4e93-afc9-625644b132f8.mp3",{},{"en":44,"ko":45,"ko_audio":46,"audio":47,"audios":48},"사장님이 회의실에 계시니까 잠깐 기다려야 해요.","社長が会議室にいらっしゃるので、少し待たなければいけません。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F13a5a4b7-28ff-45e0-b1e1-515ca458285c.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F2b12ff4f-99bd-49ce-a5b3-6e388fdb8c33.mp3",{},{"en":50,"ko":51,"ko_audio":52,"audio":53,"audios":54},"할머니가 밥을 드신 후에 약을 드셔야 돼요.","おばあさんがご飯を召し上がった後で、薬を召し上がらなければいけません。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002Fbd7984a6-63db-4785-b799-be8f38efd3e2.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fe1d27678-b074-4ae8-ba0a-ebd356a49c0b.mp3",{},[],[57,69,80],{"ko":58,"options":59},"Why does Korean have special verbs like `드시다` instead of just using `먹다` for everyone?",[60,62,65,67],{"t":61,"ok":10},"Because eating is more important for elderly people",{"t":63,"ok":64},"Because the verb form itself must encode the subject's social status and show respect—a grammatical requirement, not just politeness",true,{"t":66,"ok":10},"Because 드시다 is easier to pronounce than 먹다",{"t":68,"ok":10},"Because foreigners need to learn more vocabulary",{"ko":70,"options":71},"Which sentence correctly uses the special honorific verb?",[72,74,76,78],{"t":73,"ok":10},"아이가 드시고 있어요. (The child is eating.)",{"t":75,"ok":64},"할아버지가 주무시고 있어요. (Grandfather is sleeping.)",{"t":77,"ok":10},"나는 드시고 있어요. (I am eating.)",{"t":79,"ok":10},"강아지가 계세요. (The dog exists here.)",{"ko":81,"options":82},"How does this honorific verb system reflect Korean cultural values differently from English?",[83,85,87,89],{"t":84,"ok":10},"English and Korean both use special verbs for important people",{"t":86,"ok":64},"Korean grammar assumes people occupy different social ranks that must be visible in every sentence; English treats people grammatically as equals",{"t":88,"ok":10},"Honorific verbs make sentences longer but not more respectful",{"t":90,"ok":10},"Special verbs are used only when speaking about the past"]