[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"pubgrp:kg-hamnida:ko:ja":3},{"type":4,"slug":5,"title":6,"level":7,"goal":8,"image_path":9,"is_locked":10,"is_daily_free":10,"formula":11,"gloss":15,"desc":16,"desc_audio":17,"voices":18,"examples":19,"fills":56,"choices":57},"grammar","kg-hamnida","です・ます体","elementary","Formal Polite Speech: The -ㅂ니다\u002F습니다 Ending",null,false,[12,13,14],"動詞語幹 + -ㅂ니다 （ㅂ 子音または母音の後）","動詞語幹 + -습니다 （その他の子音の後）","形容詞語幹 + -ㅂ니다／습니다","敬語での丁寧な話し方：-ㅂ니다／습니다 の終わり","韓国語の`합니다体`は、日本語の「～します」に相当する**最も基本的で日常的な敬語体**です。ただし、日本語話者にとって大切なのは、これが単なる「丁寧さ」の表現ではなく、**話者と聞き手の距離感や関係性を言語化する韓国語の根本的なシステム**だということです。\n\n日本語では「です・ます」体は**比較的自由に選択できる**オプションのような存在です。友人との日常会話でも「行きます」と言えばおかしくありませんし、場面によってはむしろ不自然です。つまり、日本語の敬語は「上下関係を明示する特別な装置」として機能します。一方、韓国語は**常に相手への敬意を言語に組み込む義務的なシステム**であり、`합니다`を使わないことは失礼の強い表現になります。\n\nなぜこのような違いが生まれたのか——それは**韓国語文化における年功序列と敬意の重要性**に根ざしています。韓国語では「誰が誰に話しかけているのか」を常に言語に反映させることが社会規範です。そのため、初対面であれ、仕事の場面であれ、目上の人や知らない人には必ず`합니다体`以上の敬語を使わねばなりません。これは単なる文法ルールではなく、**人間関係の基本的な認識方法**なのです。\n\nもう一つ重要なのは、`합니다`の使用範囲の広さです。日本語の「です・ます」は特に会話では減少傾向ですが、韓国語の`합니다`は**書き言葉と話し言葉の両方で、最もスタンダードで安定した形式**として機能します。つまり、「何を言うべきか迷ったら`합니다`を使え」というのが基本原則です。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fexplain_audio\u002F56a9517f-d1f6-48e7-92b8-96c45de655dc.mp3",[],[20,26,32,38,44,50],{"en":21,"ko":22,"ko_audio":23,"audio":24,"audios":25},"저는 학생입니다.","私は学生です。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F62f74d1f-7904-45b1-a097-9059c10f6462.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F4b8876e7-d37b-418c-ad31-7dd2418687a3.mp3",{},{"en":27,"ko":28,"ko_audio":29,"audio":30,"audios":31},"오늘은 날씨가 좋습니다.","今日は天気がいいです。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F592d3389-e4c9-47e0-94a4-cc12bc2c7851.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fd2b30b51-7afc-4783-8096-70b1cfc74739.mp3",{},{"en":33,"ko":34,"ko_audio":35,"audio":36,"audios":37},"저는 한국어를 공부합니다.","私は韓国語を勉強します。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F82930a34-81aa-41bf-8ef7-fc6d1153fbb8.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F1ee7201f-dce6-40fc-b12f-ef64c3876fcd.mp3",{},{"en":39,"ko":40,"ko_audio":41,"audio":42,"audios":43},"그 영화는 매우 재미있습니다.","その映画はとても面白いです。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F12b3a78f-0234-4914-9e61-afa2f4ad439f.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002F68bbddfa-7b65-47de-9ec8-53025b1cd1f5.mp3",{},{"en":45,"ko":46,"ko_audio":47,"audio":48,"audios":49},"우리는 서울에 삽니다.","私たちはソウルに住んでいます。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F085cb1ee-3472-4bb1-b2a6-2b93de3c6ab1.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Fe29d8e0d-3499-44a9-9cef-af93840a7dfa.mp3",{},{"en":51,"ko":52,"ko_audio":53,"audio":54,"audios":55},"이 음식은 맛이 좋습니다.","この食べ物は味がいいです。","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Ftrans_audio\u002F0f4496f3-ba8f-4ce5-8f65-af4a22044929.mp3","https:\u002F\u002Fpub-96bedcbbfd0f4e5d82c4505745cced9c.r2.dev\u002Fblock_audio\u002Ff506e34a-9c1c-4c5d-87dd-cd921e617758.mp3",{},[],[58,70,81],{"ko":59,"options":60},"Which ending do you use after a verb stem ending in a vowel?",[61,63,66,68],{"t":62,"ok":10},"-습니다",{"t":64,"ok":65},"-ㅂ니다",true,{"t":67,"ok":10},"-니다",{"t":69,"ok":10},"-습네요",{"ko":71,"options":72},"What does the `-ㅂ니다\u002F습니다` ending primarily communicate?",[73,75,77,79],{"t":74,"ok":10},"The action is in the past",{"t":76,"ok":65},"Formal, respectful politeness and social distance",{"t":78,"ok":10},"The speaker is asking a question",{"t":80,"ok":10},"The action is happening right now",{"ko":82,"options":83},"Choose the correct formal sentence: ___ 학생입니다.",[84,86,88,90],{"t":85,"ok":10},"나는",{"t":87,"ok":65},"저는",{"t":89,"ok":10},"너는",{"t":91,"ok":10},"우리가"]